Medical Marijuana Essay

Pot is an exceptionally conspicuous and disputable issue in the public arena today. Albeit numerous derogatory cases have been made about cannabis in late history, the certainties are gradually beginning to reemerge. Tragically, these facts are under overwhelming analysis because of the cliché perspective on what individuals see as the run of the mill â€Å"pot smoker.† This slanted impression of a languid and unmotivated American is the consequence of more than seventy years of purposeful publicity and deception spread by private interests who depended on unlawful cannabis illicit from their very own benefits. As a pot shopper and a present clinical cannabis tolerant, I unequivocally accept that weed ought to be legitimized for all clients. At present in the United States today, cannabis is precluded by government law and has been a subject of disputable discussion since the beginning of the restriction. There are a few, significant purposes behind the authorization of weed, including research concerning these issues are helpful in understanding the two sides of the discussion. The consequence of annulling our country’s weed forbiddance by supporting sanctioning will invigorate the economy, to show the clinical properties, and lower the crime percentage. The authorization of pot has both positive and negative results; despite the fact that, the advantages of legitimization exceed the dangers of the negative effects. Weed is a characteristic plant with psycho-dynamic properties that is normally utilized by Americans as a recreational medication. Moreover, maryjane has been utilized for clinical reason for a huge number of years. Records show that â€Å"A local of focal Asia, cannabis may have been developed as much as ten thousand years go. It was unquestionably developed in China by 4000 B.C. what's more, Turkestan by 3000 B.C.† (Grinspoon 3). Moreover, from 1900 to 1940, pot, including opium and cocaine were viewed as a major aspect of ordinary medications. As time went on, the U.S. separated down on pop open and opium, in the long run banning them, nut kept on being very â€Å"loose† with the utilization of weed. In the end, as time kept on moving on, the utilization of maryjane became â€Å"frowned upon.†For e xample, weed was made unlawful and the U.S. government turned out to be exacting with cannabis laws. This started around the 80’s and afterward began to turn out to be progressively more regrettable. At that point, around the late 90’s and mid 2000’s, logical examinations began to deliver stunning outcomes. Researchers began to find that weed can altogether help individuals that have gotten sick. Clinical pot has been tried to help individuals with waterfalls, malignant growth and serious sadness just to give some examples (Zeese). States needed to just make clinical maryjane legitimate so it might help debilitated individuals, yet the legislature didn't need any type of cannabis lawful. The law that was known all through the United States was any type of cannabis was unlawful. Be that as it may, presently with this new revelation, specialists in states the nation over needed authorization of cannabis. The primary state to permit the utilization of clinical pot was California in 1996 (Zeese). The main circulation of clinical; maryjane however is through the suggestion of an ensured specialist. Different states started to follow in the strides of California, for example, Arizona and Colorado. One thing prompted the following and now there is up to fourteen expresses that have authorized the conveyance of pot therapeutically, with a lot more to come. These states permitted the utilization of clinical pot to help individuals with tension and particular kinds of malignancy. Be that as it may, the U.S. central government has attempted to keep patients from getting cannabis and compromised doctors who endorse it with criminal indictment or loss of their permit to rehearse medication. However, yet, the developing help for clinical weed has developed hugely in numbers in the course of recent years. Moreover, the United States has worked its economy into a money related emergency regarding the years and necessities to fire concocting a few intends to adjust the obligation. The residents of the United States are similarly separated on the choice of authorization, however while looking at the realities, there are numerous extraordinary advantages that would emerge as an immediate consequence of legitimization. An advantage of legitimizing weed incorporates furnishing the administration with influence to this issue. Cannabis is right now against government laws yet clinical weed follows a few state laws. Consistently, the legislature is committed to go through cash legitimately identified with the expense of implementing maryjane laws. Weed is a money trim and can be utilized for garments, paper, clinical substances, alongside numerous different employments. The sanctioning of pot would furnish the legislature and our nation with power over a colossal money crop that can be effortlessly developed to our atmosphere. Notwithstanding sending out hemp and pot to aggregate more assets, the administration would have the option to burden the plant correspondingly to liquor or tobacco. On the off chance that this were the situation, it is assessed ‘according to the counts here, legitimization would decrease government use by $5.3 billion at the state and nearby level and by $2.4 billion at the bureaucratic level.† (Miron18). These figures created in the article the Budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibition fortify that the determined benefits of disposing of the consumption brought about by cannabis wrongdoers alongside the tax collection from the substance would be a significant modification to our economy. Besides, utilizing cannabis for restorative reason for existing is definitely not an ongoing revelation. Truth be told, composed references to utilize clinical cannabis go back about 5,000 years. Western medication grasped marijuana’s clinical properties in the mid-1800s, and by the start of the twentieth century, doctors had distributed in excess of 100 papers in the Western clinical writing suggesting its wide for an assortment of disarranges. These scatters incorporate help with discomfort, queasiness, glaucoma, and development issue. It is additionally utilized as an incredible craving energizer which helps patients that had HIV/AIDS or malignant growth patients experiencing chemotherapy. Today, a huge number of patients â€Å"like me â€Å"are ready to utilize cannabis as a viable technique for treatment for their afflictions. This is conceivable in light of the fact that fourteen state governments the nation over have recognized cannabis’ successful recuperating properties and authorized its utilization for therapeutic purposes with the assent of an authorized doctor. Be that as it may, these patients are helpless before the central government. Then again, rivals of clinical weed or just weed itself have given numerous purposes behind why it ought not be legitimized. One of the fundamental reasons they contend is that Marijuana smoke contains known cancer-causing agents and produces reliance in clients. In numerous examinations, it has indicated that it has some damage, for example, the damages related with smoking. However, the National Academy of Science avowed that â€Å"marijuana’s transient health advantages exceed any smoking-related mischief for certain patients. In spite of the fact that weed has been demonstrated to be harming to the lungs more than tobacco an investigation in 2006 found no proof that maryjane smokers had higher paces of lung malignancy. The FDA has tried the viability of cannabis and has discovered that the cannabinoids are useful in rewarding torment related with chemotherapy, postoperative recuperation, and spinal line injury, just as neuropathic torment, which is regularly experienced by patients with metastatic malignancy, various sclerosis, and diabetes. There is additionally no proof demonstrated that patients who use cannabis become dependent. Through the rival side contends this, they show no proof in supporting this case, which along these lines, the case is invalid. There are numerous pharmaceutical medications utilized for treatment and they are addictive, yet it’s legitimate. Additionally cancer-causing agents can have a negative impact, however there are numerous things in the public arena, for example, tobacco, that contains unsafe poisons, yet it’s still lawful. To state cannabis ought to stay illicit on the grounds that it is addictive, is unessential in light of the fact that these thi ngs are as yet present in the public eye today and are destructive to the human body, yet at the same time they stay lawful. What's more, an enormous disputable subject on maryjane authorization development is the subject of crime because of the plant’s sanctioning. Oppositionists for keeping pot unlawful contend that crime percentages will spike to unfathomable levels if pot is sanctioned. Backers accept that the aftereffect of sanctioning weed will result in the inverse. The legitimization of maryjane will result in the inverse. The sanctioning of weed would make antagonistic impacts on crime levels. For instance, the degree of criminal wrongdoers on cannabis will drop to zero. This would legitimately result on lower levels of wrongdoing in general because of the done existing expenses related with decriminalization. The final product of this would be done filling detainment facilities and correctional facilities with maryjane guilty parties. Another key issue on this point is whether associations engaged with developing, selling, or carrying will reinforce to conquer the administration control on maryjane. This is theoretical which all the more sensibly would bring about medication associations holding intensity of progressively genuine medications, for example, cocaine, methamphetamines, or heroin. Medication dealing association control the vast majority of the force related with these medications as of now. The administrative control of cannabis would not fortify medication associations or posses as nobody would have the option to go up against them. Creators from the Elliot school of International Affairs/Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission expresses that â€Å"a retail markup somewhere in the range of 20% and half, and state-level duty of 25$ per ounce, the cost of legitimized pot in California would probably be somewhere in the range of $60 and $75 per ounce†¦ lawful weed directed by the legislature would be generally a similar pr

Amy Lee Essays

Amy Lee Essays Amy Lee Essay Amy Lee Essay Amy Lee Amy Lynn Lee, vocalist musician and traditionally prepared piano player, is fellow benefactor and lead artist of the elective metal band Evanescence. Roused by her mom, Lee went through nine years of her life rehearsing piano. Lee was destined to guardians John Lee, radio character, and Sara Cargill. Living in Florida and California, they at last settled in Little Rock, Arkansas, where the band Evanescence started. Hearing Lee’s delightful voice and sincere words, tears tumble from the cheeks of some tuning in. Her words reverberate in the spirit of the collector. At a mid year youth camp, Ben Moody saw Lee on the piano playing the tune, â€Å"I’d Do Anything for Love (But I Won’t Do That),† by Meatloaf. After a month, the two started composing melodies, in the long run creating Evanescence EP in 1998, Sound Asleep EP in 1999, and the full length demo, Origin, in 2000. Marking with Wind-Up Records, Evanescence discharged Fallen in 2003, selling six point 6,000,000 duplicates and going through 43 weeks in the Billboard top ten. Evanescence’s significant name debut single, â€Å"Bring Me to Life,† was a significant hit for the band and arrived at number five on the American Billboard Hot 100, while the similarly well known â€Å"My Immortal† crested at number seven in the United States. Their consideration in the soundtrack for the activity film, â€Å"Daredevil,† impelled the two melodies into far reaching ubiquity and solidly established Evanescence inside the music scene. â€Å"Bring Me to Life† picked up acknowledgment for the band at the Grammy Awards of 2004, where the band was given the Best Hard Rock Performance grant. Simultaneously, Evanescence was granted Best New Artist. Lead-guitarist Ben Moody unexpectedly left the band during the center of their European visit. Mitigated of an oppressive relationship with Moody, Lee states, â€Å"Before, I wasn’t permitted to play any organ since Ben didn’t like it. This time I could do anything I desired, and there’s bunches of organ. It’s everywhere. † (Lee) Moody was supplanted by Terry Balsamo, the previous Limp Bizkit guitarist. Then, the band experienced various snags: Balsamo experienced a stroke, Lee sued her supervisor, guaranteeing rape, and Lee broke ties with her beau, Seether’s Shaun Morgan. Lee and Morgan created a two part harmony, â€Å"Broken,† which shows up in the soundtrack to â€Å"The Punisher. † After three years nonattendance, Evanescence’s second collection, The Open Door, was discharged. The Open Door appeared at the highest point of the Billboard graphs, selling in excess of 447,000 units in its first week and arrived at platinum status in a little more than a month. The collection is characterized by Lee’s excellent tunes, convincing verses, profoundly moving piano and stunning vocals, mixed with Terry Balsamo’s pressing yet mind boggling guitar to frame a consistent, fragile blend that consummately channels the band’s hard rock and old style sensibilities. The album’s first single, â€Å"Call Me When You’re Sober,† slams Morgan for his illicit drug use. Lee started composing at the young age of eleven. She stays consistent with herself through life’s preliminaries, composing and singing from the heart, enamoring crowds around the world. At the point when Lee and Moody, prime supporters of Evanescence, started singing, Lee was just sixteen. Lee has developed throughout the years, as is reflected in the collection The Open Door. As Alen Meltzer, CEO of Wind-Up Records, states, â€Å"She is the female voice of her age. She’s make her mark as an author and a vocalist. She made this record with no mark contribution. It was all her. † (Meltzer). Some may discover the verses of Evanescence hostile, yet others may discover them mitigating, at last having somebody put words to their torment and outrage.

What Is Strategic Management Business Essay - Free Essay Example

With the economy of the world on development constantly changing for status quo, organization to survive in a competitive environment with the development that it necessary high level of management, so it must be emphasized combined with organizational culture and strategic management (Herry 2008, p.215). Organization can set up a target that brings strategic than the strategic promote culture, in hence the organization must be established target in turn achieved to target of organization (Sahaf 2008, p.45). Because of organizational cultures are unique and offer strategic advantages, it makes complete sense that companies would consider culture in strategic management Strategic management of expert is believes that an effective strategic management must have been caused by the 5 key factors as below: unique of organization value, for the customer that well-designed service chain, interaction with staff, perdurability of organizational survival (Michael 1985). Therefore, the correct understanding and grasp of relationship between strategic management and organization culture which has supplement each other, that to enhance the behavior of the organization and promote corporate quality, rapid, sustained and healthy of development. So I will from understand to the definition of organization culture and strategic management, importance of organization culture and strategic management, relationship between organization culture and strategic management, people who know is the culture of 4 aspects to analysis importance of organization culture to an understanding of strategic management. What is Organization Culture? Organization culture in the practice of the socialist market economy and gradually for all employees agrees to comply with the characteristics of the organization values (Schein 2007). The organization culture is formed in the enterprise culture concept, the historical traditions, common values, behavior standard of ideological of organization. Organizations leaders have made to cultural change functionality apply to business (Haasen 2009, p.121). In order to solve the problem in the modern organization management which have produced the organizational culture. The organization culture is modernization of the mass production and the market economy based on new types of management that modern scientific management theory and management target (Kotter 1992). Whatever it is the development company or has developed a successful company. 1) Implement industry civic duty 2) Trying to improve and enhance social life 3) Contribute to the development of world culture So while there are many definitions of organizational culture, but all of they focus on the same points: routine, collective, experience, beliefs, goals, values and system. These are learned and re-learned, passed on to new staffs, and continues on as part of a organization core identity. Why it is important of organization culture? The organizational culture is the soul, the power and the source of the modern organization development (Parker 2009, pp.133-135). Strengthen organization culture, shaping the corporate image and spirit of companies, not only the needs of their own development also fundamental requirement for established economic and cultural. The organization need first as the forerunner to the culture by the transformation of the concept of development, a clear value orientation and adjustment of employee behavior. Promote companies growth, organizational structure, and the layout of the market, the product structure, resource allocation and management mode transition, so as to promote the strategic restructuring of organization and upgrade (Witte 2010). The importance of organization is in the increasingly competitive market conditions to meet employees requirements and spiritual needs, To enhance the solidarity and cohesion of organization, stimulate employees initiative and creativity that improve the economic efficiency of organization.(Eikenberry 2005) Hilton hotel smile service is important of organization culture (Konrad 2003). Hilton employees paid great attention to the etiquette education, advocacy employees service with a smile. Him every day at least for a Hilton Hotel in contact with the hotels service personnel from the general manager to the waiter asked most of the sentence, must be: Have you smile to the guests? 1930 U.S. Recessionclo sure of all hotels in the United States by 80 percent in the worst year, Hilton Hotels followed by a loss unbearable also, liabilities amounted to $ 500,000, Hilton was not discouraged, he convened a hotel employee confessed and appealed to them, especially: At a time when Hotels deficit by borrowing big period, I decided to strong tide over the crisis. Once past the period of U.S. economic panic, the Hilton Hotel will soon be able to enter a rapid development of the situation. Therefore, I ask you to remember, Hilton etiquette can not forget. Irrespective of the hotel itself, the difficulties encountered, the smiles on the faces of the Hilton hotel waiter forever belong to the customer. In fact, only 20% of the hotel that has been closed down, only Hilton hotel waiters smile is good. Recession just passed, Hilton Hotels Resorts is leading into a new period of prosperity, the golden age of cross-person business (Konrad 2003). What is Strategic Management? Strategic management is defined as: Organization to determine its mission to set the strategic goals of the companies, according to the external environment and internal conditions goal, in order to ensure the correct implementation of the goals and achieve of plan and rely on organization internal of ability will be this kind of planning and decision making implemented. This is the implementation of strategic management of process (Ryall 2008). Organization is that the certain period of global, long-term development direction, goals, tasks and policies (Pratt 2009, pp.394-395). Strategic management is unsure process because of different understanding of risks and opportunity for organization (Nelson 2010). From the future development of organization point of view, the strategic performance for one kind of plan, From the course of development of organization the point of view in the past, the strategic performance for one type of Pattern. From the industrial level the strateg ic performance as a perspective, the strategy also manifested as for organization in competitive put to use ploy These are very famous 5P model (Mintzberg 1998) Why it is important of Strategic Management? Organization leader consider focus on research to operation environment , the right to determine the companys direction, select the business areas suited of the company, and thus better able to grasp the opportunities offered by the market environment, and enhance the adaptability of the business activities of the market environment, to achieve the best combination of the two(Hill 2004, pp.276-278). Emphasis on the implementation of the strategy The implementation of the strategy as part of its management, this is the strategy of the enterprise in the day-to-day production and business activities, the strategy according to changes in the market environment continue to evaluate and modify. Strategic management can get continuous improvement, this iterative process, a more prominent role in guiding of the strategy in the management to practice (Urip 2010, pp.98-101). The important of strategy is a set of guidelines characterized by long term focus, decision making, integrati on of business function, implementation (Mintzberg 1991) IBM has long-term of strategic management In 1911, IBM introduced the computing business dominated the industry for decades. IBM went to the trough in 1991, when revenue fell 6%, faced with a new rival at home and abroad, chiefly by the pressure from Japan, the European Community and the United States to challenge at the same time. IBM had a whole further adjustment of the original strategy. Nabisco is IBM CEO (Gerstner 1993). His revival plan, including the IBM spin-off as an independent business unit, is responsible for insurance, health care, retail, transportation and financial industries. IBM is committed to build a computer network for the enterprise, that: After five years of reform, they think the strategy can change, organizations can be changed, and the purpose can never be changed. IBM supports the improvement of the system, open the channels of information to improve decision-making efficiency, so that the leadership system has better adaptability. Large-scale reform of the leadership system reforms IBM, in 1983 to 1984 to complete. This reform gives us inspiration: In order to face the challenges of a new technological revolution, to face the needs market competition, the modern organization leadership system must be reform strategy. Effect of relationship between organization culture and strategic management The organization culture is the foundation of strategic management, corporate culture to strategic management to develop, implement, and control the correct guiding ideology and spirit of enterprise business goals, organization values, organization ethics and organization fashion, so successful corporate culture that can be provided for the formulation of organization strategy, is key to implementation of organization strategy, is also an important condition for maintaining the organization strategic advantage (Heracleous 2003, pp.113-115). It seems that we can see that corporate culture plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the enterprise, but after analyzing the same time, we know that the organization culture of the strategic management also have negative aspect of effect. 1. Negative affect of organization culture to understanding strategic management. 1) Hinder mergers and acquisitions, hinder strategic merger, the main purpose of strategic acquisitions to im prove its financial position so that let both products can enjoy the benefits. Regardless of the financial statements of how attractive after merger, mergers and acquisitions whether successful, they have to take a look at both culture there is no way to blend that to decide, organization culture cannot be interflowed, is not conducive to the development of companies (Frecsch 2007). Inaccurate merger between Time Warner and America Online When Time Warner of America and AOL (America Online) merger was announced in 2000.this deal valued 166 billion, Business Merger soon become a notorious of mismatch. Since there are profound cultural differences between traditional media company Time Warner and a new network giant America Online. After the merger, the company soon caught in a situation of cultural incompatible. Because of Time Warner employees think about America Online of colleagues too pushy and too radical, while AOL employees think about Time Warner of colleagues are very arrogant, doing things passive and lazy, So during that period, the value of the stock that loss reach to $ 200 billion(Hill 2002). So in order to avoid this problem, the company executives in early stage of the merger process, that a clear understanding of the organization culture of the two companies and whether reach agreement on the long-term strategic management plan. 2) Hinder the implementation of enterprise innovation and strategic management does not match. The cultural of the enterprise may not meet the new corporate environment, enterprises in order to adapt to changing market needs, in order to implement the new strategy, and often need to change some folk traditions (Carlopio 2008, pp.178-180).. When market demand accelerated updated strategic management plan becomes a burden. Kodak management is traditional industries of origin Kodak has maintained the traditional culture of the design. Such as: Charles Barrentine, currently vice president of operating s ystems is to study chemistry, general manager of digital imaging systems, United States District Cohen learning civil engineering. There are currently 49 senior managements of these seven original of chemistry, and only three from electronic professional. Market applications and maintain its leading position, traditional industry leaders ignored the continued development of alternative technologies, and new product market share leadership should lose (Wessex 2009). The fierce competition in the technology market and the microelectronic technology leading cycle shortened to strengthen international competitors, and thus whether staffing long-term technology development, cannot be timely innovation and respond to market strategy. These factors have led to the Kodak inevitability of crisis. 2. Organization culture impact on strategic management in which areas is positive 1) On employees A strong organization culture can attracted talent Your organizational culture is part o f the strategic management that prospective employees look at when assessing your organization (Carlsen 2008, pp174-175). Gone are the days of selecting the employees you want from a large eager pool. The culture market is tighter and those looking for a new organization are more selective than ever. The best people want more than good benefits. They want an environment they can enjoy organizational culture bring to their success in (Russo 2009, p87). Amazon Company Amazon founder Bezos was insist on its unique cultural patterns that made attract talents, let candidates not only by Bezos interview also by other employees of the interview, if other employees dissatisfied of applicant that cannot be hired. Every time someone has to be hired, the companys recruitment standards will increase than before. Therefore, the company also improved quality of staffs that confront high strategic target. Thats Bezos to keep one of the companys staff of highly culture to strategic management of target (Bezos 1995). 2) On customers With the increasing of market competition, customer loyalty has become a decisive factor affecting the long-term corporate profits high and low. Use brand to build and cultivate their own competitive advantage which has become one of the main strategies for use by the organization culture marketing competition in the international market, but brand in order to long invincible, the key is to increase customer loyalty and win the trust and support of consumers (Kober 2010, p231). Only a profound understanding of the meaning of customer loyalty, facilitate organization to develop the right strategic management objectives, more reasonable with the propaganda of the organization culture, in order to eventually achieve to the maximum advantage of the organization culture in the international market (Woodside 2010). Good after-sales service is the corporate culture of the guarantee Epson (Japan) able to get so support is inseparable and they practiced day repair service. The called day repair service, the computer in case of failure of the latest in the second day of the defective product to the repair station can be completed repairs to send back to users. Computer failure may be caused by different parts, want to quickly find the repair is not a very easy, but Epson still so commitment and practiced. Instantly reach 80% of the repair defective product daily repaired the hands of users send will be .Of course, it is able to achieve one-day repair, and product quality as well as the quality of the service personnel is inseparable. Product quality is too low, then failure will increase the number of products, the low quality of the service personnel, let alone a speed of repair, but the Epson product quality and after-sales service personnel are corporate strategic management assurance so in 2010 Japan in the after-sales service and user support both user satisfaction survey, Epson won first and second place respect ively. This is Epson organization culture impact on strategic management in customers areas of goals. So To live up to the trust of the customer, this client will never come back. So no matter how far we have the sales of products and services delivered in front of the customer. In order to live up to the trust of customers, after-sales service in particular need to focus, This is our long-term strategy goals for customers ( Kiyofumi 1950). Good after-sales service is an affirmation of the corporate culture is the implementation of the strategic management of a recognized priority to customer satisfaction, competitive advantage for the industry will be more obvious How do people know is the culture? Pixar Animation Studios Pixar was formally established in 1986, after 20 years at the time following the Walt Disney Company to subvert Hollywood movies and Shock the world innovation paradigm. Many people are familiar with Pixar may be chiefly from their animated film: Toy Story, Finding Nemo. However, the pursuit by the success of the company and the companys corporate culture is inextricably linked (Paik 2007, p.185). Pixars most famous corporate culture is the concept of The following guilty, no senior and junior in Pixar internal. Large amusement park, friends have seen Monsters, Inc. DVD Highlights must be very envious of Pixars work environment, there is like Entertainment Unlimited bizarre toy and quirky staff everywhere, any ordinary animators is You can put forward ideas for discussion. The local newspaper referred to here as adolescent paradise, even the cafeteria in the hospitality food fun general staff will be glad to tell the boss how to do it best. Finding Nem o director Andrew Stanton once said: What is the senior, sector leadership, these words we all do not, and this is our unique place (Pixar Animation Studios 2008). In 1991, Pixar has adjusted the companys strategy to choose the worlds largest is also the oldest animation film company Disney, Pixar and Disney signed an agreement making computer animated feature film by Disney responsible for the distribution (Buckley 2011, pp.35-37). 16 years that Disney cooperation with Pixar launched the Monsters Inc, Finding Nemo, Cars, and many applauded movie houses, and then allow people to become more conversant with this production level and the Disney animated film industry animation film company. With the launch of many of the best animated movies, not only for the enterprise has brought huge profits, leaving the animation movie fans around the world have had a keen interest in this company. The characters in the animated film produced by the company more and more in places other than the movie screen, which also shows more and additionally known as favorite(Jackson 2009). Pixar can create so many outstanding animated films, which is closely related to corporate culture, thoroughly implement the degree of freedom and the empowerment of employees. Bathed in California sunshine Pixar headquarters in Los Angeles coast, has a spacious hall is decorated with paintings of modern art. From the interior, Pixar headquarters even like a corporate office is more like a church of the animation. Daily breakfast and lunch time, around 1200 believers will spend meal time; work time in their respective dispersed to continue their work. Pixar, employees are full interaction is important (Keith 2010, pp.111-112).Frequency and quality in order to promote the exchange of personnel the greatest degree. Pixar not only with a unique architectural design developed a series of system, which is the most representative of Pixar University. Pixar University was founded in 1996, located nex t to the main building of Pixar; it has a swimming pool, soccer field. Pixar University offers over 110 training employee developments within the professional education training courses, from a technical training gradually extended to arts education in general, including the complete film production, painting, sculpture, creative writing courses. Any Pixar employees, animators, accounting, security guards or marketing staff can freely choose courses (Buckley 2011, p.75). Precisely because of the impact of the corporate culture of Pixar, the company timely adjustment of corporate strategy, merely the achievements of todays Pixar animated film market as well as the animated film history. Conclusion Analysis of all the report, we know that the organization culture will be more and more importance in enterprises. An organization culture to the long-term development management strategy which has requires a culture supporting. I think organization culture and strategic management are interdependent each other, and must create a good corporate culture to embodies the advantages of long-term strategic management support as well as the analysis of market competitiveness, as is the development of enterprise and consumer acceptance of successful enterprises, need expand and improve the long-term strategic objectives plan. Management, technical staff must promote enterprise innovation ability is the development of a larger market requirements, in order to meet consumer demand, corporate culture for the importance of strategic management will be more clearly reflected in the market environment in the future.

Essay The Power of Secret Sin in The Scarlet Letter

The Power of Secret Sin in The Scarlet Letter One of the main themes in The Scarlet Letter is that of the secret. The plot of the book is centered on Hester Prynne’s secret sin of adultery. Nathaniel Hawthorne draws striking parallelism between secrets held and the physical and mental states of those who hold them. The Scarlet Letter demonstrates that a secret or feeling kept within slowly engulfs and destroys the soul such as Dimmesdale’s sin of hypocrisy and Chillingworth’s sin of vengeance, while a secret made public, such as Prynne’s adultery, can allow a soul to recover and even strengthen. When a secret is hidden inside it can engulf and even destroy a person. Arthur Dimmesdale, a revered young minister in†¦show more content†¦The same platform or scaffold, black and weather-stained with the storm or sunshine of seven long years, and footworn, too, with the tread of many culprits who had since ascended it, remained standing beneath the balcony of the meeting-house. The minister went up the steps. This sounds like a quote or a paraphrase and it should be cited with the name of the author and the page number. Dimmesdale’s increasingly enervated physical condition is evident through his eyes, which show â€Å"a world of pain in their troubled and melancholy depths,† As years go by, the minister is inundated with guilt, to the point that he is physically deteriorating. All the while giving phenomenal sermons and regarded as a pillar of the community, internally, Dimmesdale could not feel worse. Dimmesdale’s pain was obviously the result of his concealed sins. The sins you commit and keep secret cause great anguish to the soul and eventually they begin to take over human life. In addition, a sin or secret that goes unacknowledged and unrevealed can cause a cycle of vengeance and further sin. Such an example of feelings kept secret ruining a life is the secret of Roger Chillingworth. He is the husband of Hester Prynne and is thought by the townsfolk to be dead at sea. He returns in hopes of surprising his wife and living a happy life together only to find his wifeShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesevil and sin so a jail was needed to keep evil people and influence away from society. Hawthorne’s beliefs are seen in The Scarlet Letter. The reoccurring theme of â€Å"the power of blackness† and the uneven balance of transcendental and puritan views are apparent throughout the novel. â€Å"The power of blackness† brings out the sin and the worst in all of us including the people we least expect to be evil. 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In the 17th century, Puritan society arose in New England as one thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Hester Prynne In Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter1211 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter Essay In the scarlet letter the main character Hester Prynne committed the sin of adultery that in the puritan society was completely unacceptable and usually those that did were punished or even sentenced to death. Hester Prynne was condemned to wearing the letter â€Å"A† that was a symbol of her being an adulterer and had to stand on the scaffold in front of the town for 3 hours as her punishment. Hester’s sin is represented through her daughter pearl that is a physicalRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 PagesHawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century Ame rica. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letter becomes more poignantRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Scarlet Letter1109 Words   |  5 Pagesmotive for their sin, authors can create unique stories for characters with valuable lessons which can be applied to the life of the reader. Nathaniel Hawthorne employed the use of this concept in his novel, The Scarlet Letter. By presenting the lives of the Puritans living in Boston, he portrays the causes and effects of hidden sin and provides a reminder that no one is perfect, no matter the life they display. The theme of sin and guilt is present throughout The Scarlet Letter in the charactersRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Scarlet Letter820 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel The Scarlet Letter was written in 1850. Throughout this novel, Hawthorne explores many different types of themes. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism of The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, and the Leech to contribute to t he overall theme of guilt. To begin with, Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter â€Å"A† to contribute to the theme of Guilt. The townspeople no longer see a beautiful woman Hester Prynne, the protagonist of this story, the same way before her sin. They see nothing

Homelessness And Poverty Homeless People - 1967 Words

Seeing homelessness develop is a process that the older generation can say they have been apart of. The young generation, on the other hand, cannot say they have seen the development of homelessness. People who are thirty years old or younger have grown up believing that homelessness was always part of the landscape. The younger generation has come to believe that there have always been homeless people sitting on park benches. When an individual is asked what they see most in a large city like Chicago or New York, ‘homeless people’ is a common response. According to the United States Census Bureau, 320.8 million individuals currently live in the United States of America. Imagine the proportion of individuals that do not own a car or even a house to live in. The National Law Center on Homelessness and poverty did studied to conclude that in America more than 3.5 million people experience homelessness each year. Those concerned with the issue of homelessness are curious as to what events had to have happened that lead to the individuals living on the streets. The reasons are different for each and every person. Some of the more major issues that contribute to this are lack of affordable housing, declining welfare assistance, and most importantly, mental illness. Resolving the issue of homelessness is very possible with new ways of housing and treatment for the mentally ill. The relation between the homeless and the mental illness has risen, and the United States as a wholeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Solving Homelessness1416 Words   |  6 PagesSolving Homelessness Nationwide homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways an individual can become homeless, for the most part it is poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of environments, such as urban or suburban areas. 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As a nation the wayRead More Homelessness in america Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pages Homelessness in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. LastRead MoreCauses of Homelessness Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Homelessness Bentley Martin BSHS/302 July 16, 2011 Joey Schumacher Causes of Homelessness There are many factors that lead to poverty and homelessness. People often jump to conclusions and form stereotypes to look down upon those who are poor. Stereotypes include poor people who are viewed as lazy, jobless, criminals, or un-educated. 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While you might spare some change to a particularly disheveled looking woman, or a couple trying to buy food for their dog, it is customary to keep your head down in fear of interacting with one of the violent, homeless drunks that litter city streets. Conflict between homeless people and the housed population is not a new phenomena in the United States. With one of the highest rates of homele ssness among developed countries, homelessness in the URead MoreNo Look As You Walk Your Routine Route1521 Words   |  7 Pages guilty look as you walk your routine route. Homelessness is a major problem that continues to grow every year in America. According to The Huffington Post, â€Å"Over half a million people are homeless. One quarter of homeless people are children.† (â€Å"10 Facts About Homelessness† par. 4). With the growing community of homeless people one-fourth of that is to be composed of homeless children. A person under the age of eighteen years old who have an absence of proper housing vital for a standard personRead MoreHomelessness in America Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pagesconsisting of $528.5 billion for homeless programs (Romeo 1). The problem of homelessness and extreme poverty is not a new occurrence; but in past years more extreme measures have been taken to combat the issue as more people become homeless. Expensive social programs and housin g developments for the homeless have been created to help battle the increasing issue. Homelessness is an expensive problem that will never end; furthermore, the condition of homeless people in America is affected by the type

Decartes meditations Essay Example For Students

Decartes meditations Essay In Descartes Meditations he talks about many different things.Two things he talks about are his arguments on Dreams and what he calls the Evil Demon. Both of them have to do with deceiving the mind into believing in things that may be untrue. The dream argument has to do with that we never truly know if we are dreaming or we are awake. Since there is no way for a person to tell if they are dreaming or not, a person realistically can not tell if anything they have ever experienced or is experiencing is real or just a mere dream. We decide what is real what we can sense; the problem is that your brain can trick your senses. Your dreams can make you feel like you are doing something, seeing something, or feeling any other sense. Now this fits right in with the Evil Demon argument. In the Evil Demon argument you are being tricked by an outside source. This outside source can do absolutely anything, it can control all of your senses and you have no power at all to stop this being. So if the being can control your senses nothing you sense, or believe is there, actually is there. If either of these things is true have we truly ever done anything? What are we truly doing? Meanwhile I have written this entire paper have I really w ritten anything? For all I know is that I dreamed I writing this entire paper. Yes my senses tell me I typed this paper. I had to think of what to type and meanwhile I was typing the paper I was getting really bored, then my sense of hearing hears the theme song to the TV show The Simpsons. Was this fabulous TV show actually on, or was some superior being just playing with my mind? My feeling is that it really doesnt matter if it was real or I enjoyed the show and the half hour break I believed I had meanwhile I was watching it. Bibliography:

Sonnet 29 Essays - Sonnet 1, Sonnet 29, Sonnet 20,

Sonnet 29 Despite popular belief, William Shakespeare was considered a great poet before a great playwright. He accomplished writing at least 154 sonnets and other poems of love. In this paper, I will analyze one of his greatest sonnets. One of the most famous of his sonnets is number XXIX. This sonnet is one long sentence, but it still follows the usual Shakespearean pattern of three quatrains (four line sections) and a couplet. It also follows the traditional rhyme scheme for Shakespearian sonnets: ababcdcdefefgg. The first quatrain tells how the narrator is feeling. From reading these four lines, you sense his loneliness and sense of abandonment by fate, G-d, love, and other men. I believe the key line in this quatrain is line 3 (When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,). Here I feel Shakespeare is saying that this person who is very depressed, is crying out for help to others, but he is such an outcast that not even "deaf heaven," meaning God and the angels of heaven or listening to his cries. The second quatrain starts off with a line that shows the narrator wishes to be more optimistic. He realizes that in order to achieve his goals, he must believe in himself first and stop being so depressed. The second half of the quatrain shows he is envious of other men's possessions and riches when he says, "Desiring this man's art and that man's scope, With what I most enjoy contented least." Moving into the third quatrain, you see that the speaker begins to reflect on himself and starts to compare himself with his friends. You know this when "Haply I think on thee, and then my state," is said. Just as you start to think the speaker is going back into a state of self-pity, you realize the speaker's inspired sprits are rising like "the lark at break of day". Sonnet XXIX ends with a couplet that has an uplifting message. One the speaker remembers the love of his friend and what great things he has, it makes him happy with his life. So happy he wouldn't even consider swapping his place with a king.

Sexual Stereotypes in Advertis essays

Sexual Stereotypes in Advertis essays When marketers create advertisements they create stereotypes. The most common are gender roles. Women in advertisements are displayed as sexual objects. This works because sex is one of humans basic needs (Miller and Jowles 608). These ads are targeted toward men. If they were to put a commercial on TV of a man lounging on the couch with a remote control in his hand and popping open a beer, some men might find that appealing. But, place a sexy woman on the couch with him, drooling over his wet beer bottle and they can have a man ready to jump in the car to go get some beer. The advertiser is swaying men to purchase their product by stereotyping women as being there for men's desires. The advertiser is saying that if the consumer, a man, were to go purchase their beer, somewhere in that scenario they would get a sexy woman to go with the beer. In reality, men are not that stupid. They know if they run into the local grocery store that they cannot just pick out a beautiful woman with their beer. But still, the more outlandish, the sexier, and the more skin shown, the more that image will stick in somebody's mind. And their hopes are that the next time somebody goes to purchase a six-pack of beer, that image will still be imbedded somewhere and that person will just naturally grab their brand of beer. It only works because of the stereotype placed on the woman. In a Coors light advertisement, from Maxim For Men, a set of twins is pictured. They wear tank tops that show off their bodies standing close to each other with innocent smiles on their faces. Underneath the picture is states, Heres to the twins. Turn a few pages in the magazine and you see a subsequent ad. It is the same set of twins in cheerleading outfits, showing more skin, wearing even bigger less innocent smiles. In this picture the girls appear to be having more fun. Underneath this picture it says, Heres to the twins. Again.&quo...

Analyse article by Roberto Gonzalez Echeverria Essay - 1

Analyse article by Roberto Gonzalez Echeverria - Essay Example A very comprehensive and an important philosophy that Echevarria illustrates in the very beginning of the article is that human and monster are two flip sides of a same coin and in his play Calderon also uses the symbol of a monster under the same context. However the author also states that it solely depends on an individual the manner in which he sets the pattern of his life as it also apparent from the character of Segismundo. Hence it is observed in the play that initially Calderon portrays him as a monster and an animal disguised as a human being however later he realizes his mistakes and makes efforts to avoid such animalistic behavior in future. Moreover Segismundo’s imprisonment is also a figurative representation of the fact that inside every human being there lives a beast however it depends on an individual to curb and control or unleash it. Another pertinent and an interesting fact that the author demonstrates is that any form of abnormality or unusual personality traits also hold the tendency to categorize an individual as a monster as it is also observed in the case of Rosaura. Her character is portrayed as a female with masculine attributes such as strength and determination. Such unusual characteristics make her look like a monster or a beast in the eyes of the society because her unusual personality goes against the strictures and conventions. Hence in other words Echeverria establishes that monster is a vast term that has layers of meaning one of which is the unconventional behavior of an individual. Hence it is observed that the author provides the readers with a very apt explanation of the symbol of the monster and hence helps in adding new dimension to the context of Calderon’s play. Moreover Echevarria also strives to convince the readers that the term monster in literature not only implies a beast in the physical terms but also any

Dispute Settlement (CIvil Suit) GP - Unit 2 Research Paper

Dispute Settlement (CIvil Suit) GP - Unit 2 - Research Paper Example pany is incorporate in State X, and the factory being used in State Z belongs to State X, therefore the company has the most real connection to the contract (Hillman, 2009). This implies that the state has the most jurisdictions over the case being heard. The closest and most real connection rule is used by courts to reasonably determine the party that has the biggest connection to the case being disputed. State X could also state that it is the one being sued, so it has a bigger confection that the other parties to the case. Conversely, the lawyers representing State Y would argue that proper law should be used to determine which country should hear the dispute. Commonly, proper law is the basic rule used to resolve most jurisdiction arguments, and it involves the terms used in the contractual argument (Frey and Frey, 2001). The parties in this case already agreed that all disputes regarding the agreement would be heard in State Y, which means that proper law gives State Y jurisdiction over the case. The Doctrine of Proper law is used to determine the intentions of the parties to a contract as to which jurisdiction should govern the dispute being resolved. This means that a court will look at the wording of the contract to determine what the parties intended the lawsuit to be decided. State Z would also argue for the closest and most real connection to the case when the dispute a as to where the jurisdiction of the case is argued. From the case facts, it is noted that the factory was to be built in State Z and burnt down in the said State. The Lawyers for the state would argue that since the contract involves building in State Z, and the events occurred in this state, there is the realest connection to the case, so the jurisdiction should be there’s. Finally, State Q would also argue that the closest and most implied connection is that the nationalities of the people killed in the tragedy came from its jurisdiction; therefore the dispute should be decided in

Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's dream - Essay Example They are totally and constantly clear which of the two men they love even though the men referred, may change due to the magic drop. In the beginning of the play Hermia is told that she has a few days left for deciding if she would obey her father and marry Demetrius rather than Lysander. Paternal consent was an absolute necessity for the marriage of a daughter in Elizabethan days and the Duke in the play stresses upon this point of patriarchal importance: Mother's role in the birth of a daughter seems to be rather obscured here. It is spoken as though the child is the property of the father alone, one of his possessions with which he could decide to do whatever he chooses. Rgeus accuses Lysander with the obvious show of this right over the daughter: Again the gender plays an important role here. Being a daughter is a decidedly much lesser role than being a son. The daughters are protected, shielded, but were dominated and decisions about their lives were informed to them and they were expected to abide by those paternal decisions. Hermia was given the choice of "either to die the Death or to abjure forever the Society of Men" or 'she can endure the Livery of Nun.' Those were the days when chastity was valued the most. ... Those were the days when chastity was valued the most. The Queen, who had given up her pleasures and male company, for ruling the country as an absolute monarch, was ruling the social and cultural scenes of England too. We see in the play Hermia being definitely possessive about her virginity. Female virginity was a necessity for a good match and a subsequent married life. Male virginity was not a forced factor, but definitely was valued. Conversation between Helena and Hermia in the I scene, shows that Hermia is rather simultaneously smug and unhappy with two men loving her and Helena is longing to be Demetrius' lover. (The more I love, the more he hateth me). Helena could not stomach the fact that Dimetrius has gone with Egeus to the court of the Duke to win Hermia's hand. In her desperation to win his attention, she does not hesitate to beg her friend for advice: I teach me how you look, and with what Art You sway the Motion of Demetrius' Heart (I-I-192-193) Rivalry and a kind of mild hatred begin from this point between the two. Hermia and Helena have a kind of 'homosocial world of peer-group friendship'. Their innocent relationship continues very comfortably, till the heterosexual relationships disturb it, mainly when Hermia's longing for Lysander brings distance to her relationship with Helena. Most of the time, they had friendship with men without much of intimacy and this is not disturbing their chastity in any way. It is like a celebration of companionship. But, the friends refrain from discussing their choices of men or discuss the men themselves. Prior to the influence of the drug, the two friends do not seem to be having any desire to relinquish their respective partners. During the wars of love, there had been jealousy and

My Educational Goals and Philosophy Statement Essay example -- Philoso

My Educational Goals and Philosophy Education is the foundation of today's society. Without it, there is no future. Every other career begins on that first day of kindergarten, when a nervous student stumbles into the classroom and finds a chair in the corner of the room. At that moment, a teacher plays a pivotal role in the child's fate. If they are successful in making the child feel comfortable, they can nurture the student's desire to learn. If they are not successful, they may hinder this pursuit. Education has two major, seemingly contradictory, purposes. First, it transmits a country's culture to the next generation. Secondly, it gives societies a vehicle for changing the culture. I believe that it is essential for students to come into contact with their peers and with adults of similar and different backgrounds. This promotes tolerance and growth. Teachers should instill values in their students. They have an amazing opportunity to make an investment in the future. However, sometimes learning comes best through interaction with people of the same age. By befriending students of different races and economic statuses, children can recognize the differences and similarities between them and learn to accept and even appreciate each other for these. If society has veered down the wrong path, this social interaction between students can have tremendous rectifying powers. If students are taught to hate people of a certain color, religion, sexual orientation, etc., being around people with these characteristics, with no way to avoid them, can show students that the ideas that they have been taught may be misconceptions. Students then have the power to disagree with this hatred and contribute that to ... ...l immediately. Here, I will test my views. Eventually, I hope to continue my education by pursuing a Master Degree. I am also interested in teaching at the collegiate level at some point in my career. Whatever level I end up on, I hope to have a positive effect on the lives I come into contact with. I believe teaching is such a fulfilling career because everyday educators have the opportunity to change a child for the better. Giving students a well-rounded education, focusing on traditional subjects, which all other fields stem from, will enable the world to continue advancing and change with the times. Part of a well-rounded education also includes evoking positive interactions between people of different backgrounds. I believe that a teacher who strives to accomplish these goals has done more than fulfilled their job requirements. They have become a hero.

Automobile Industry China Essay

? China became the world’s largest automobile producer and market in 2009 with annual sales of nearly 14 million vehicles. The market continues to expand in 2010. In the first nine months of 2010, automobile production reached 13. 08 million units, a 36. 1 percent increase from a year ago. The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) raised its forecast for annual sales to reach a record 17 million this year, matching the highest annual total ever reached in the United States. Industry growth has been primarily driven by rising domestic demand stemming from rising incomes, a growing middle class, and by supportive industry policies from the Chinese government. The Chinese automotive industry remains very fragmented. In addition, Chinese central government officials fear that unchecked expansion of China’s auto industry encouraged by local authorities could harm the wider economy, and that excess capacity must be stopped. Hence, the central government continues to push for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the automotive industry which will support the emergence of a few leading national companies. China’s weak R&D, domestic innovation and design capabilities are key challenges to its international competitiveness. With the government’s encouragement, domestic firms have opted for strategic partnerships with foreign players, aiming to facilitate technology transfer and improve domestic design and engineering capabilities. The Chinese government has implemented a number of tax adjustments and subsidies for automobile purchases to encourage hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles and traditional vehicles of small engine displacement. Beijing has gradually introduced higher automobile emission standards for new vehicles. Plans to develop hybrid electric and pure electric vehicle production capabilities are part of a broader, environmentally friendly strategy to develop the auto industry. Market opportunities exist especially in the following areas: o Developing domestic innovation capabilities (e.g. vehicle design and engineering, hybrid electric and pure electric engines, electric motors and electric controls) o Productivity and quality upgrade (e. g. engines, transmissions, electronic control systems and safety systems) o Mergers and acquisitions (both in China and in Israel) o Clean transportation technologies 3 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) ? ? ? ? ? ? o Advanced manufacturing technologies o Supply of essential automotive components/systems to OEMs (e. g.electronic control systems and safety systems) ? The following automotive segments in China are considered to be highly competitive and it will likely be difficult for Israeli firms to penetrate the market unless they have an extreme competitive advantage: Fabric for seats/interiors, seat covers, floor mats, curtains, aluminum die casting, rubber bumpers, electronic harness cables, antennae, speakers, electric starters, vehicle cleaning products, window films, A/C compressors, fuel and oil and air filters. 1. MARKET OVERVIEW ? ? China’s automotive market has the most growth potential in the world; per capita car ownership is still remarkably low at 4. 78% and is expected to grow significantly. Domestic whole-vehicle manufacturers and automotive suppliers are still extremely fragmented (government-supported consolidation is imminent in the near future); challenges remain for domestic R&D and design. With government subsidies and tax incentives, China is aiming to establish an early footing in the production of low-emission and environmentally friendly automobiles. Component imports surged by 130% in the first half of 2010; 60% of imported components were drivetrains, engines or automotive body components. ? ? 1. 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW Market Growth Primarily fueled by domestic and partly by foreign demand, China’s rapidly expanding automotive industry has outpaced the nation’s already impressive GDP growth rates in recent years. Domestically, rising incomes and encouragement from the Chinese government for the urban population to obtain drivers licenses have spurred the demand for passenger vehicles. The booming passenger vehicle market has led to a soaring demand for automotive components. Internationally, automotive manufacturers faced with decreasing margins and profitability have sought out more affordable supply chain solutions, looking to China as a potential source for lower cost automotive components. Unlike developed markets for passenger vehicles, where growth in demand has been largely stagnant, China’s domestic demand for new automobiles has skyrocketed in the past years. Strong car sales in China in 2009 pushed the auto market to the largest in the world, and 2010 is set follow the positive trend. 4 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009). Source: China Association of Automotive Manufacturers (CAAM) In the first nine months of 2010, automobile sales reached 13. 08 million units, up 36. 1% from a year ago. Over 9 million of the total sales were passenger cars and 3. 24 million were commercial vehicles. CAAM predicted that the 2010 annual sales will reach a record of 17 million units. It is widely believed that China’s automotive market currently has the most growth potential in the world. China’s 2009 per capita private car ownership was 4. 78%, far less than the 40% average of developed countries, and even less than other emerging markets such as Russia, Brazil and India. This is a strong indication that China’s domestic market is far from being overly saturated. According to CAAM predictions, growth in the auto industry will remain strong until 2020 with annual growth expected to consistently range from 13 to 15 percent. The total number of vehicles will jump from 67 to 150 million. Sales in larger tierone and tier-two cities as well as rural areas should keep growing at a rapid pace over the next few years and high growth areas will move from eastern China to the central and western regions. Market Players There are currently more than 100 whole-vehicle manufacturers and nearly 8,000 automotive parts manufacturers in China, located primarily in Southern, Eastern, and Northeastern and central China (see the map on the right). Together, the top ten passenger vehicle manufacturers (seven of which are joint ventures (JVs) make up almost 90% of China’s market share (see the table below). Nearly every major global vehicle manufacturer has established JV operations in China. 5 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009). Top 10 Passenger Vehicle Manufacturers in China (2009) Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Source: CAAM Company SAIC1 FAW2 Dongfeng Chana (incl. Hafei) Beijing Auto Guangzhou Auto Chery BYD Brilliance Geely Others HQ Shanghai Changchun Wuhan Chongqing Beijing Guangzhou Hefei Shenzhen Shenyang Taizhou JV Partner GM, VW VW, Toyota, Mazda PSA, Nissan, Honda Ford, Mazda, Suzuki Hyundai Daimler Honda, Toyota, Isuzu, Fiat N/A N/A BMW, Toyota N/A Sales (Unit) 2,705. 5K 1,944. 6K 1,897. 7K 1,869. 8K 1,243. 0K 606. 6K 500. 3K 448. 4K 348. 3K 329. 1K 1,750K Market Share 19. 83% 14. 25% 13. 91% 13. 70% 9. 11% 4. 45% 3. 67% 3. 29% 2. 55% 2. 41% 12. 84% Import Positive demand growth for automobiles and components has not only caused domestic industry development, but has led to increased attention from leading foreign automotive manufacturers eager to expand into the rapidly growing market. Foreign automotive manufacturers have also been encouraged by lower import tariffs, which have been lowered for whole vehicles from 70-80% to 25% since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). Import tariffs on Semi-Knocked-Downs (SKDs) and Complete-Knocked-Downs (CKDs) have dropped from 50% to 25%, while import tariffs on vehicle components have dropped from 15% to 10%. 1 2 Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation First Auto Works 6 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) China’s automotive import growth was slowed due to weaker demand caused by the global economic crisis of 2009. Annual total import were USD 33. 1 billion in 2009, representing a year-onyear increase of only 5. 34%. Assisted by government incentive programs and China’s economic recovery, China’s auto import total bounced back from a sluggish 2009, surging by 130% to USD 27. 22 billion in the first half of 2010. Imported European luxury cars had a remarkable 237. 2% increase in 2010 compared to the same period the previous year. China’s automotive component imports grew to USD 12. 7 billion in the first half of 2010, a 90% increase over the same period of 2009. Drivetrain, engine and automotive body components accounted for over 60% of the total component imports (see chart). More than 80% of the imported components came from Japan, German, Korea, and the United States. The main groups of imported automotive components to China can be divided into three categories: ? Japanese and Korean OEMs and Tier I suppliers: Generally these companies tend to only use suppliers from their country of origin. For example, Toyota typically sources components from Japanese JVs or Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprises (WFOEs) on the mainland, or directly imports from Japan. Such practice tends to result from strict quality requirements, cultural compatibility and logistical concerns. German OEMs and Tier I suppliers: These companies typically import components in the areas where Chinese suppliers are weak (e. g. safety systems for high-end passenger cars). The US and French OEMs operating in China have not increased their automotive component imports as much as their peers for different reasons. US OEMs have steadily increased their sourcing from local Chinese suppliers for vehicles manufactured in China to stay competitive, and French OEMs are facing a shrinking market share in China. ? ? Chinese OEMs are emerging buyers of imported automotive components, especially in the segments of hybrid and electric vehicles and Chinese-brand luxury vehicles. 7 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Export The impact of the economic crisis in 2008-2009 forced many multinational companies to reduce their sourcing of automotive vehicles and components from China. According to CAAM, China exported a total of 369,600 units in 2009 worth USD 5. 19 billion, which was down by 46% from 2008. China’s auto exports rebounded as the global market recovered in 2010, with 250,100 vehicles exported in the first six months (up 55. 93% year-on-year). Passenger vehicle exports surged 115. 93% to 116,500 units, while commercial vehicle exports increased 25. 50% to 133,900 units. Algeria, Vietnam and Egypt were the major whole-vehicle export destinations in the first half of 2010. The auto component’s export growth has witnessed even more impressive growth than whole-vehicles. Exports increased 54. 11% to reach USD 18 billion in the first half year of 2010, with drive system components exceeding 50% of the total by value. More than 50% of the components were exported to the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany and the United Kingdom. 1. 2 MARKET STRUCTURE Supplier Landscape The automotive supplier landscape in China is extremely fragmented. According to CAAM, there are approximately 8,000 automotive enterprises scattered across various segments including full vehicle manufacturing, vehicle refitting, motorcycle production, engine production and automotive parts manufacturing. Most of these companies specialize in lower-end parts and lack the capital needed to invest in production of higher quality products. Seven of China’s ten largest components manufacturers are foreign companies, and about 70% of the country’s USD 160 billion auto supply market is occupied by foreign companies or joint ventures. There are approximately 120 OEMs in total, 40% of which produce passenger vehicles. One of the key contributors to the fragmentation of the automotive market as a whole is that Chinese suppliers serve a large amount of separate OEMs. The world’s leading automotive companies are all well-established in China. OEMs are represented by Ford, General Motors (GM), Volkswagen (VW), Daimler, BMW, PSA, Mazda, Nissan, Honda, Toyota, Hyundai, and tier-one international companies including Bosch, Delphi, Denso, Johnson Controls, Lear, Magna, Visteon, Yazaki, ZF, Arvin Meritor and TRW. 8 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Most of the international automaker and component manufactures have invested heavily in China in attempts to gain a competitive edge. For example, GM, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover have established their Asia Pacific headquarters in China. GM, VW and Honda have also opened China R&D centers and have begun to design car models specifically for the Chinese consumer. International automotive components companies have also expanded their presence in China. For instance, BorgWarner recently opened a China Technical Center. ZF announced the establishment of its Asia Pacific headquarters in Shanghai as well as a new Shanghai R&D center. Eaton’s Asia Pacific headquarters is in Shanghai. Rapid expansion from international firms has let to foreign-invested automotive components suppliers holding 70% of the Chinese market share. Most of the top Chinese automotive parts manufacturers are wholly owned domestic companies such as ASIMCO, Wanxiang, Hongteo, Fuyao, Dicastal, Wanfeng and others. These companies could be potential competitors or partners for Israeli companies. In response to the soaring domestic demand, Chinese automotive component manufacturers have ramped up their production capacities significantly, but this has also led to an increase in quality complaints. Key Challenges for the Domestic Industry Chinese suppliers are now looking beyond the domestic market and improving their production process to emerge as true global competitors. However, further investment in R&D is still required before Chinese manufacturers can truly compete globally, as the industry still lacks technological capability and suffers from quality issues. China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Flagship Domestic Automotive Companies Chery Automotive (Chery) ? Founded in 1997 and now has an annual production capacity of 650,000 vehicles, 400,000 engines, and 400,000 sets of gearboxes. ? Continues to expand into the overseas market and has established plants in 16 countries becoming the biggest Chinese vehicle exporter for seven consecutive years. ? Chery Automobile Test & Technology Center opened in July 2010, which became the largest auto lab in Asia. The company will invest RMB 2. 4 billion in 2010 to accelerate its new model development. ? Chery now owns a full set of manufacturing and R&D facilities, including four car plants, two engine plants, a gearbox plant, an automobile engineering research institute, an automobile planning and design institute and an automobile test & technology center. ? Have extensive technological and business relationships with overseas auto companies. Chery signed an agreement with Chrysler to produce Chery made cars under the Chrysler brand to be sold in the United States and Mexico. ? Chery Quantum Auto. Ltd is a joint venture between Chery and Quantum LLC under an Israeli Group. They aimed to invest USD 334 million in 2010 to develop high-end cars and SUVs for the overseas market. 9 R&D capability Chinese automotive component manufacturers are able to manufacture products when they are provided with designs and specifications, however most of them lack design, engineering and R&D capabilities. Owing to weak R&D and engineering capabilities, many local suppliers have opted to enter into technical collaborations or JVs with leading international suppliers with the goal of facilitating the transfer of technology and improve basic product engineering capabilities. A growing number of Chinese auto parts suppliers have begun to invest in and acquire western firms. Domestic R&D capabilities of Chinese automotive part manufacturers have historically been limited due to the small-scale of most operations and a shortage of investment in laboratory facilities in comparison to international firms. Taking steps to remedy the situation, the Chinese government has continued to encourage investment in R&D for core systems, such as engines, transmission systems, steering systems, brake systems and driving control systems. Safety and reputational issues Incidents and product recalls have raised questions about the quality and safety standards of Chinese manufactured automotive components. According to the 2009 China Automotive Product Quality & After Service Quality report, among the 9359 complaints documented about Chinese made cars, 19. 5% were related to engine problems; 10. 5% to steering systems; 10. 7% to braking systems; 18. 5% to automobile accessories and electronics; and the remaining 40. 8% related to the gearbox, clutch, front and rear axles, suspension systems and air conditioning systems. As a result of complaints and recalls, as well as other non-automotive related manufacturing scandals in China including melamine milk, contaminated pet food, and anti-freeze laced toothpaste, Chinese manufactures are facing serious issues about their reputation. This is a problem local manufacturers will have to overcome if they want to increase their competitiveness on the global stage. The drivers are in place for Chinese domestic manufacturers to move to the forefront of the global automotive industry, but substantial domestic investment in R&D and improvements on quality and reputation are a necessary prerequisite. 1. 3 EMERGING INDUSTRY TRENDS Industry Drivers The rapid expansion of the Chinese automotive industry has been largely attributed to the growth in domestic demand for passenger vehicles and international demand for affordable automotive components. The Chinese government also continues to play an important role in encouraging the growth of the industry. 10 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Tier II and Tier III cities emerge as market growth engines In 2010, most multinational automakers have included a focus on Central and Western China markets into their strategies in order to capture future growth opportunities. For example, Volkswagen is ramping up capacity of its Chengdu plant more than doubling its production of Sagitars and Jettas from 150,000 to 350,000. GAIC Toyota (a JV between Guangzhou Automobile Industry Corporation and Toyota) is considering building a small and price-competitive car to target the lower end of the market. The JV also announced plans to expand its dealership network across central and Western China. Central and western China have emerged as the main growth engine of the automotive market. According to CAAM, automobile sales in second and third-tier cities in the first nine months of 2009 surged 41 percent and 51 percent respectively, while sales in the firsttier cities increased by 34 percent. Domestic demand has been fueled by rising incomes and a growing middle class creating a larger consumer culture. The purchase of an automobile is increasingly becoming a symbol of financial success. In the past, the focus has been on coastal cities. Since 2009, tier II and tier III cities have emerged as the strongest market growth engines (see more details on your left) Even though large cities in China are facing serious traffic congestion issues, Chinese have not been deterred about making new automobile purchases. China overtook the U. S. as the world’s number one automotive market in January 2009. The positive developments in the passenger vehicle industry have benefitted both domestic auto manufacturers (which are emerging from their infancy stages and developing competitive capabilities) and major international automotive giants (which have increased investment into China to expand their presence). However, with per capita car ownership was still only 4. 78% in 2009, still far below the 40% average in developed countries. This is a strong sign that domestic demand for passenger vehicles will remain high in years to come. The domestic aftermarket for automotive components is increasingly becoming an important driver of the industry. More than thirteen million cars are sold annually in China which is leading to a growing market for automobile repairs and further stimulating domestic demand for automotive components. International demand for automotive components has also increased as international automotive firms face pressures to reduce costs and take advantage of more economical alternatives abroad. China’s inexpensive labor force presents an attractive option for producing lower-cost automotive components, which were initially primarily for the international aftermarket but are increasingly being used by international OEMs. The majority of leading international automobile OEMs have established global sourcing offices, R&D centers as well as regional headquarters in China. 11 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Finally, the Chinese government continues to play an important role in driving the industry. Post-WTO accession concessions have resulted in lower import tariffs, giving international automotive firms more access to the domestic market. Beijing has actively encouraged the establishment of JV R&D centers with preferential tax policies designed to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology. The government has pledged substantial funds towards automotive technology innovation, upgrades, and the R&D of alternative-fuel automobiles and components. They are also setting restrictions and quotas requiring all vehicles that are used for government use to be produced domestically. Industry Consolidation China is determined to restructure its automotive industry, with the hopes of changing the market from many fragmented manufactures to two or three dominant domestic firms. According to the State Council’s regulations released in early September 2010 which called for greater industrial consolidation, the automobile industry was at the top of the list of targeted sectors. The State Council set the goal of reducing the number of major automakers who are responsible for 90% of domestic sales output, from 14 to 10. Under the plan two or three companies would dominate the industry, responsible for producing more than three million vehicles annually, while four others would have annual output capacity of 1. 5 million units. The State Council named the following four groups as potential industry heavyweights, urging them to take advantage of consolidation opportunities: FAW; Dongfeng; China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Flagship Domestic Automotive Companies Shanghai Automotive (Group) Corp (SAIC) Industry ? Headquartered in Shanghai, it is one of the top three auto groups in China. ? Mainly engaged in the manufacturing, sales and R&D for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and auto components. ? The company is ranked 223 of the Fortune 500 companies with consolidated revenue of US$33. 6 billion in 2009. ? Sold over 2. 7 million vehicles in 2009, making up almost 20% of China’s market. ? SAIC invested over 10 billion RMB on new model development in the past 3 years, and will launch hybrid and electric vehicles in 2010 and 2012. ? Acquired Nanjing Automotive (Group) Corp (NAC) in 2007 and became the largest manufacturer in China with a consolidated annual production of 2 million units. ? SAIC has opened branches in the USA, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan and Korea. It has established a long-term cooperation with GM and Volkswagen. SAIC and GM formed Shanghai GM and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center (PATAC) in 1997 and launched 8 additional China joint ventures, including SAIC-GM-Wuling, GMAC-SAIC Automotive Finance Company, and General Motors SAIC Investment Limited. ? Shanghai Volkswagen (a joint venture between SAIC and Volkswagen AG) recently announced it will build a fifth assembly plant in Jiangsu. The plant will have an annual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles and start operation by the end of 2012. 12 SAIC and Chang’an. Additionally, it named four regional leaders that it encouraged to consider regional consolidation: Beijing Automobile; Guangzhou Automobile; Cherry and Sinotruck. All of these companies are passenger vehicle manufacturers with the exception of Sinotruck which manufactures heavy-duty trucks (sales of over 125,000 units in 2009). Industry analysts predict that the coming wave of M&As within the automotive sector could see a deal that breaks the USD 1 billion mark, more than doubling the largest deal to date which was the USD 450 million purchase of General Motors’. Nexteer steering components unit by a joint venture established by Beijing’s Tempo Group and the Beijing government. Global Expansion As the leading automotive market, China automakers are accelerating global transformation to increase their presence in the overseas market. Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (one of China’s largest independent carmakers) recently completed its acquisition of Ford Motor’s Volvo brand for USD 1. 5 billion. This is an indication that Chinese automakers have begun to recognize the power of strong brand reputation. Geely’s Volvo bid is the largest takeover in Chinese auto industry and will provide a pattern for Chinese carmakers to expand aboard and acquire companies with a strong reputation. Beiqi Foton, China’s leading commercial automaker followed Geely’s step and announced its global expansion plan. This includes setting up a production base in Russia by 2012 with an annual capacity of 100, 000 vehicles and building five other plants in Brazil, India, Russia, Mexico and Thailand before 2015. New Energy Vehicle: Focus of Future Development High oil prices, air pollution, and China’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions have led the automotive industry to explore alternative energies. The Chinese government has launched policies and incentives to stimulate the development of new energy vehicles, including electric (hybrid, plug-in and battery), fuel cell, and hydrogen-powered. China has identified new energy vehicle as one of the seven emerging strategic industries. Many estimate China will become the world’s largest new energy vehicle market by 2020. The Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Development Plan (2011-2020) and the Automotive Industry 12th Five-year Plan (2011-2015), two of the key policies expected to guide the development of new energy vehicle industry, are expected to come out by the end of 2010. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the principal drafter of these plans which are later submitted to the State Council for approval. The plans set the following key targets for the new energy vehicle industry by the end of 2020: ? In the following five years China will aggressively support the development of key components of energy efficient and new energy automobiles. For electric motors and 13 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) ? ? batteries manufacturers, China hopes that three to five â€Å"backbone† enterprises will emerge with their combined market share exceeding 60%. China will produce 5 million new energy vehicles and become the number one producer of new energy vehicles in the world by 2020; Average fuel economy of passenger vehicles will be 4. 5 L/100 kilometers by 2020, the same as European standards. The plans will become the backbone policy for the entire new energy vehicle industry, as it provides direction for public funding, sector focus and industry structuring. Most important to pay attention to is that Chinese companies are likely to reap the most benefits from these structured strategies. To support indigenous innovation, the Chinese government has stated that the two or three key new energy vehicle component manufacturers will most likely be domestic companies, either state-owned or private. 2 REGULATORY OVERVIEW ? Government tariffs on automotive imports are in compliance with WTO rules, but minimum capital barriers still exist for foreign investors. The government has created some incentives to spur R&D partnership, and regulations for foreign distributers have been eased somewhat. The government has plans to implement higher auto emissions standards for new cars in China. So far four regions have implemented â€Å"China IV† emission standards (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing and Guangdong Province). The Chinese government views the development of the new energy vehicle industry in China as a top priority and has introduced a wide range of subsidies and policies in its favor. ? ? China’s automotive industry supply chain is very broad with many components such as import and export, manufacturing, environmental protection, technology upgrades and quality control. As such, the industry is regulated by a range of government organs, both at the national and sub-national level. The below chart illustrates the key central level regulators of the automotive industry, and their relevant responsibilities. 14 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) The automotive industry is subject to a number of laws and regulations. The key regulations that are relevant to Israeli companies are addressed below. 2. 1 FOREIGN ACCESS TO THE CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE MARKET Trade The Chinese auto sector is competitive and has a well-developed supply chain. Imports of foreign-made auto parts will likely decrease as OEMs continue to increase their local capacities. At the same time, higher quality Chinese auto parts are increasingly being integrated into the global supply chain. Currently the import tariff for whole vehicles is 25% and for automotive components is 10%. 15 China’s Automotive Sector – Prepared for IEICI Updated November 2010 (Original April 2009) Investment Foreign businesses must meet a number of requirements in order to access China’s automotive market. The Chinese government has set requirements for minimum registered capital when a firm wants to establish an automotive facility which is RMB 500 million (USD 75 million3) for automobile financing, RMB 500 million (USD 75 million) for engine production and RMB 10 million (USD 1. 5 million) for an R&D center. All projects are subject to government approval. Foreign firms looking to produce passenger vehicles cannot set up WOFEs, but must partner with a local Chinese firm in the form of a JV, with the foreign partner’s stake limited to 50%. On the other hand, China offers fiscal and financial incentives to attract foreign investment in R&D strategies as part of the central government’s strategy to speed up the transfer of international technology. China currently provides tax incentives for enterprises engaged in research and development activities, allowing R&D enterprises to deduct 50% of R&D expenses. Suppliers are most often required to localize or invest in China and Israeli companies interested in tapping into the vast Chinese market will need to consider establishing a local presence. IPR Issues in China While the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) remains a contentious issue for companies in China, the country’s laws and regulations have progressed considerably in recent years, with the large majority now compliant with requirements of the WTO’s TRIPS agreement. The main challenge surrounding IPR protection in China is the lack of effective enforcement of the existing regulations. Enforcement issues arise from a range of root causes, including the relatively recent introduction of IPR legislation and concept of intellectual property in general, the absence of a fully independent judicial system, and provincial officials’ often protective attitude towards local job creating counterfeiting industries. While most foreign companies considering business operations in China may have to accept an unavoidable degree of IPR infringement, there are nevertheless a number of actions that a company can take in order to limit their IPR-related risk: ? ? ? Ensure to register your patents, copyrights, or trademarks with the relevant bureaus Ensure that your trade or other.