All the Presidents Men Movie Review Examples

Stories about journalists investigating scandals have always been popular topics for films. First and foremost it can be explained by a desire of a human being to rummage in the staff of other people, to take the skeleton out of a cupboard and learn all the ins and outs of another person. Journalists are similar to sleuthhounds, which are poking their nose into affairs of others, making a sensation out of it. And when it comes to political scandals, their interest is boosted even more. The film, directed by Alan J. Pakula All the President’s Men, is a paragon of a film, where journalists investigate a scandal, which relates to President of the Unites States of America and other authorities. However, the topic itself was more than successful from the very beginning – a story of politicians involved into espionage is already a scenario for a bestseller. The film, based on true facts in June 1972, is telling a story of two journalists, being absolutely different: a handsome blond as a model of the film industry those days, and an ordinary typical journalist of the Washington Post, are to work with each other on a topic, which is to become a sensation for the newspaper. They start investigation of the so-called Watergate scandal, when five men were caught planting bugs and other tapping devices in the Democratic National Committee headquarters. As it turned out later, all these five people had some CIA background. Woodward and Berstein, the main heroes, a re encouraged by their editor to gather information for the first page. Throughout the whole story Woodward and Berstein are investigating the story discovering more and more facts. Finally, due to help of their anonymous source â€Å"Deep Throat† they manage to disclose some of the facts. The film is ending with resignation of President Nixon and the inauguration of Gerald Ford in August 1974. As it has already been mentioned in question, the film is based on real facts, which took place in 1972 before the election of the US President. Actually, in the beginning of the 1970s, a political scandal shocked the United States – some people broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The next morning it was revealed that five men Frank Sturgis, Virgilio Gonzà ¡lez, James W. McCord, Jr., Bernard Barker and Eugenio Martà ­nez, whose roots were leading to CIA either directly or indirectly, were arrested for violation of federal wiretapping laws, burglary and conspiracy. However, the fact that an office of a Democratic Party was broken in and the bugs were planted was not a shock itself. Very soon, it was revealed that actually, higher-echelon government officials were involved into this break-in. Nonetheless, even the fact that higher-echelon government officials took part in the break-in was not the final point in this case. After an investigation of the FBI, it was found out that the payments paid to the burglars were connected to a slush fund, used by the 1972 Committee to Re-elect the President. Finally, it was revealed that not only presidents staff was involved into tapping, but President Nixon himself had a tape recording system in his office, and many conversations had already been recorded. These very tapes, actually, helped to reveal that President was trying to cover up the break-in, and after a series of court battles, under the resolution of the US Supreme Court, President was obliged to hand over the tapes. Further on, the scandal pushed the story to a near-certain impeachment of President Nixon. To avoid such disgrace, 9 August 1974 President Nixon resigned, remaining the first and the only President of the US who resigned before the end of the term. The issue itself drew a wide response in the media, as it seemed to be absolutely nonsensical that President and all his men are violating hard and fast rules. The film is reflecting actual events, which took place during those days. However, the story itself is investigated from the side of two journalists, but for the FBI or other authorities. Throughout the film, one can learn all the ins and outs of the journalistic activity and the process of fishing out the information. Actually, the film itself is really breathtaking and exciting; nonetheless, it would be more useful for a journalistic class rather than History. Throughout the film too much attention is devoted to the process of ‘fishing out’. No doubt, they were very informative, but at the same time non- informative with regard to History. I do not think that the film itself will be very useful in a history class as it does not but lacks facts. History loves proven facts; otherwise, the story turns into fiction. The journalists do reveal many facts, which may be interesting; at the same time do not pay attention to the nuts and bolts of the whole story. With regard to the usefulness of the film as for people who are new to the topic, it has certain advantages. First of all, the film is interpreting the philistine point of view. These two journalists were ordinary citizens who were tracking the case in the light of ordinary people: neither FBI nor other governmental authorities. While they were gathering facts, the case was forming like a puzzle. Throughout the film, each and everyone is investigating the case with these two journalists. As a result, this film can be used as a background for a person, who wants to learn more about the Watergate scandal. The film, as a product of entertainment, is very interesting. Work of director as well as the actors and the whole team are professional and on a high level. Not only does the film keep everyone on edge, but it also tells a real story, which happened 38 years ago, but still remains a unique one in the history of the United States. It sheds light on the facts which cannot be always read in the history books, being told by the witnesses of the scandal. Actually, mainstream entertainment can be very useful for the teaching process. I cannot say effective, as it has already been mentioned in question that History requires facts, but can be useful to arouse interest to the issue. Such means should be used in the beginning of the topic to be discussed, so that students could get the general and vivid overview of the issue. Moreover, it is common knowledge that films are much easier perceived than books, and can catch interest of students faster. However, mainstream entertainment cannot and should not completely replace books, as while studying History it is very important to see several points of view. History is not an exact science; it is very often subjective, as it is interpreted by a human being, who has his own interests and views. That’s why I am determined that in order to understand the issue it is important to review several points of view and come to one conclusion, which can also be subjective.

Japanese Gardens And The Garden - 1589 Words

Japanese Gardens are a garden style that originated in Japan with design elements that are in line with the Buddhist belief. Buddhist teaching is symbolized in the different elements that make up the garden as a whole. Buddhism belief is used in the inspiration of various elements through the use of water, stone, and architectural pieces. The Japanese Garden that used to break down the broad scope of all the different elements is a Japanese Garden. I chose to use this Japanese Garden as my primary garden since I have visited multiple times at the Dubuque Arboretum and Botanical Garden here in town. In this garden, all the key elements of the water, stone, and architectural features can be seen. In Japanese Gardens, water is one of the basic elements in the water surface of the garden. This is the basis over which the whole garden consists. It symbolizes the continuous flow of time and life change elements in the garden (5 Japanese Garden Elements). There are several different ways to include the elements of water in a Japanese garden: the use of a pond, water basin, and waterfall. A pond in these gardens is usually irregularly shaped to reflect how a natural pool would look the mountains (Harte). The pond within the garden symbolize vitality and how water is pure (Shinn). A tsukubai or a water basin (as seen in figure 2), is a special dish with bamboo shoots, which is can be used by visitor to stop and bend over to wash their hands and mouth. The symbolism behind aShow MoreRelatedJapanese Gardens And The Garden1490 Words   |  6 Pages Japanese Gardens is a garden style that originated in Japan with a design elements that in line with the Buddhist belief. Buddhist teaching is symbolized in the different elements are make up the garden as a whole. Buddhism belief are used in the inspiration of various element through the use of water, stone, and architectural pieces. The specific element that will be focused on in this paper is water, stone, architectural elements. The Japanese Garden that used to break down the broad scopeRead MoreJapanese Gardens : A Garden Style1450 Words   |  6 PagesJapanese Gardens is a garden style that originated in Japan with a design elements that in line with the Buddhism belief. Buddhist teaching is symbolized in the different elements are make up the garden as a whole. The specific element that will be focused on in this paper is water, stone, architectural elements of paths, stone lanterns, pagodas and bridges. Buddhism religion was used in the inspiration of all the elements in the Japanese Gardens. The Japanese Garden that used to break down theRead MoreEssay about Japanese Gardens2462 Words   |  10 PagesJapanese Gardens The role of gardens play a much more important role in Japan than here in the United States. This is due primarily to the fact the Japanese garden embodies native values, cultural beliefs and religious principles. Perhaps this is why there is no one prototype for the Japanese garden, just as there is no one native philosophy or aesthetic. In this way, similar to other forms of Japanese art, landscape design is constantly evolving due to exposure to outside influences, mainlyRead MoreClassical Chinese Garden Of Suzhou And Japanese Dry Landscape Garden1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Interpretation of Nature in Classical Chinese Garden of Suzhou and Japanese Dry Landscape Garden of Ryoan-ji Luis Barragà ¡n, the influential Mexican minimalist architect and Pritzker Prize winner once said that, â€Å"In the creation of a garden, the architect invites the partnership of the Kingdom of Nature. In a beautiful garden the majesty of nature is ever present, but it is nature reduced to human proportions and thus transformed into the most efficient haven against the aggressiveness of contemporaryRead MoreArt Of Evoking Nature s Majesty Within A Tight Space1313 Words   |  6 Pages A Japanese garden embodies the art of evoking nature’s majesty within a tight space. Throughout 5th to 8th century Japanese gardens sprung up for ritual purposes. From the late 8th to the 12th century the Japanese gardens started to become more of aesthetic and social piece. These Japanese gardens hold many styles and elements. What make a Japanese garden so special are the natural materials, evoking the beauty of nature on a smaller scale. They’re three types of Japanese gardens the most commonRead MoreZen Gardens Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesZen Gardens Zen Buddhism began to show up in Japan during the eighth century. It went through various periods of popularity and disregard, but constituted one of the most important influences on Japanese culture. All Buddhist temples include gardens. The first temple gardens evolved from well-groomed landscaping around Shinto shrines. Later, the gates and grounds surrounding Buddhist temples began to use gardens to beautify the temple, similar to the Heian mansion gardensRead MoreThe Culture Of Japan And Japan1187 Words   |  5 Pagespast. Surprisingly, gardens are something that Japan has been known for as well as they contain many different elements of nature and brings peace around you. One of the last few traditions are the Tea Ceremony which is also called the Way of Tea and a ritual that involves serving green tea around guests which helps bring them more peace of mind. These are just a few of some of the most important aspects and contributions to Japanese culture displaying Architecture, Gardens, and Ceremony s whichRead MoreWwii Homefront : Argument Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pages WWII Homefront DBQ Argument Essay On December 7, 1941, the United States Of America decided to enter World War Two. On that same day, the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor which was the main reason the U.S. join the war. The day directly after that the U.S. join the Allied Powers which consisted of Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia. With the U.S. at war, they needed a way to motivateRead MoreWwii Homefront : Argument Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pages WWII Homefront DBQ Argument Essay On December 7, 1941, the United States Of America decided to enter World War Two. On that same day, the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor, which was the main reason the U.S. joined the war. The day directly after that, the U.S. join the Allied Powers which consisted of Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia. With the U.S. at war, they needed a wayRead MoreEssay on Yamashiro Restaurant Review1661 Words   |  7 Pagesrenown landmark, Yamashiro palace, to the left, are the hillside terrace garden with a walk way leading through the vibrant flowers, shrubs, trees, goldfishes, and the stunning view of Los Angeles. Inside contains the lavish woodwork and silk wallpaper that has not been torn down due to its significance this structure had in Los Angeles history. People that go there have a choice of where they prefer to be seated: The Japanese Garden Court, Koi room, Skyview room, Sunset room, pool bar, or the lounge

Correctional System and the Rehabilitating Offenders Free Essays

The correctional system has a way of punishing offenders in this country unlike in different countries where you might get a harsher punishment for a crime that might seem more, petty and a lesser punishment for a crime that one would consider more of a harsher crime. In our system however not only are you innocent until proven guilty but you are also allowed to have a trial that can prove otherwise. The system might not always work out how we want it to, or expect it to but it is definitely a fair way of going about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Correctional System and the Rehabilitating Offenders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Offenders in this country get punished on the basis of how horrible the prosecutors think that your crime was and they are the ones that for the most part dictate the form of punishment you will receive. Now in this process the family may also have a say that is considered in all of this, then a jury listens to a trial and decide for themselves the extremity of the crime and what the punishment should be. There are also different levels of correctional facilities that you can wind up in you have the local, state, federal levels. The local level is for more of your petty crimes such as DUI, shop lifting, etc. The state level is for felony level offenders and the federal level is for big time and repeat offenders for crimes like bank robbery and arson. In some cases I personally think that some of the punishments could be a little harsher, it seems like a lot of these offenders get off a little easier than they should. There are definitely times though where someone does get screwed and they get a harsh punishment for something that should’ve been a case of self defense or some other form of defense. For the most part I think that if you believe in our system that it actually really can work to your benefit. If you are in the right than the majority of the time it will prove that. If you are in the wrong than it will eventually prove that as well. Our corrections system tries to rehabilitate offenders by several different means you have imprisonment which most of the serious crimes or repeat offenders get this. The length of imprisonment is decided by a judge and the length of the sentence is decided by the nature of the crime. There is also supervised probation. Which only about twenty-five percent of offenders are sentenced to some form of probation. This punishment means that you are under specific rules by a judge to be under direct supervision while maintain a somewhat normal lifestyle. The offender is also assigned to a probation officer where they required to meet with, to make sure that they are maintaining the standards set forth by the judge. Any violation of the rules and guidelines may send the offender back to jail without a second chance of probation. The next form of rehabilitation is house arrest, which allows you to live in your own house without going to prison but it enables the police to ensure that you are in your house because they administer an electronic bracelet that you must wear around your ankle until the completion of you r sentence. With the electronic bracelet you are only able to go a certain distance away from the box that they put inside your house which links to the police system. Parole, which is the smallest of the rehabilitation system and is very similar to probation where if you don’t follow the exact guidelines set forth by the judge and the court system then you are going to end up back in jail. One of the best ways that we can help offenders rehabilitate is by severe counseling. If we can send these offenders through extreme physciatric counseling and get them to let someone know why they are the way they are I think that could make a huge difference. Another way of helping offenders to rehabilitate is by letting them further their education, a lot of these offenders probably don’t have a great education at all and if we let them continue with higher learning then maybe it well give them a better sense of belonging to society or a sense of right and wrong. From there they might be able to help in programs that talk to other people such as youth or other offenders and help them to straighten their lives out. Although both punishment and rehabilitation can be effective in reducing crime, I think that punishment is the more effective route in reducing crime, and the reason I say this is because rehabilitating isn’t always going to work with certain offenders and then you have just wasted even more money by not only housing them but also treating them. I am a firm believer that if we had harsher punishments for things in this country than we would have less offenders. If we started handing out the death penalty a little more, and when we did if we didn’t let offenders sit in a cell for ten years before they got executed then I think more people would see that we were making an example out of these offenders and they would be more likely to do it. I also think that if we brought back some of the punishments they used in the older days, that they say are cruel and unusual that we wouldn’t have as big of a problem. I think that if we stoned people, or cut off a limb when they commit a crime of greater statute than some of these people would wake up and see that this is not a form of punishment that they would like. If we keep giving offenders three meals a day and we keep giving them a place to sleep they are not going to care and they are not going to stop committing crimes. If we go back to the days of the chain gang and put offenders on the side of the road to clean up trash. What I have been saying all along is that we need to send them through a certain training course and then send them overseas to fight for our country. Obviously what they want is to fight and hurt people so let them do it where it needs to be done and that is on the battlefield. If we did that I think that there is a lot of these hardened criminals that would curl up in the fetal position and cry for their moms. How to cite Correctional System and the Rehabilitating Offenders, Essay examples

Supply and Demand and Coca Cola Increases free essay sample

To know the behavior of consumer when the price of a product increases or decreases. To analyse the change in demand due to some forces in the market. INTRODUCTION Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. Being a bookkeeper, Frank Robinson also had excellent penmanship. It was he who first scripted Coca cola into the flowing letters which has become the famous logo of today. The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss. Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special editions with lemon, lime or coffee. In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked to DNA damage in yeast cells and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to remove E211 from its other products, including Sprite and Oasis, as soon as a satisfactory alternative is found. DEMAND ANALYSIS DEMAND CURVES Demand curve refers to the quantity of the good that a customer is willing to buy and able to purchase over a period of time,at a certain price is known as the quantity demanded of that good. LAW OF DEMAND: It is normally depicted as an inverse relation of quantity demanded and price; the higher the price of the product, the less the consumer will demand From the figure we can say that when the price of product increases demand decreases vice versa,when the price was P1 quantity demanded was Q1,but when the price increases to P2 then quantiy decreases to Q2. FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND Price of relative goods: Demand for coca cola is also influenced by the change in price of relative goods. In case of coca cola there are number of substitute goods available in the market, we have Pepsi, Miranda, limca, spirit, etc. now if the price of coca cola increases from Rs 12 to Rs 20 whereas the price of other aerated drinks remain the same then the demand for coca cola will fall down. c INCOME OF THE CONSUMER There is a direct relationship between income of consumer and demand. Now coca cola being a normal good, if there’s an increase in income, the demand will increase and vice versa. TASTE AND PREFERENCES Taste and preferences of the consumers also influence the demand to greater extent. In case of coca cola, if there are hard core consumers who prefer the taste of coca cola, even if the price of coca cola increases, the demand will remain the same. But if the consumers have no taste or preference of coca cola, then if the price increases the demand decreases. GOVERNMENT POLICIES As the study shows, there was a steep reduction in the demand of coca cola when the pesticides were found in few samples of coca cola. As a result consumer was shifting from coca cola to other natural drinks so therefore the demand for coca cola decreased. TIME Time is an important factor that affects the demand of coca cola e. g. the demand for coca cola goes up during festive seasons and during summers AGE GROUP OF THE POPULATION This product is meant for the children, adults and also for the old people so the age groups are not much affected the demand of the product so demand remain same and by the increase in the population, the demand of the product also increases. SHIFT IN DEMAND CURVES SHIFT IN DEMAND CURVE refers to the change in demand due to change in factors other than price. Shift can be of 2 types- 1) Upward shift 2) Downward shift UPWARD SHIFT- When the demand for product increases, price being constant, due to change in other factors e. g. Increase in income. If there’s an increase in the income of consumers in the future, then there’s a possibility that the consumer will shift from local drinks in the market to coca cola. From this figure we can see that when the income of the consumer increase in the future then the demand for coca cola increases. DOWNWARD SHIFT- When the demand for the product decreases at same price. eg the demand for coca cola reduces when people found that there was pesticides found in few samples of coca cola. SUPPLY ANALYSIS SUPPLY: LAW OF SUPPLY: It states that if the price of a product increases, quantity supply will increase as the supplier will be willing to supply more to earn more profit. The law shows that there is a positive relationship between price and quantity supply. AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE WHEN THE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT WAS P1 then the quantity supply is Q1, whereas if the price increases to P2 the quantity supply also increase to Q2. This show as the prices increases the producers are willing to supply more to earn more profit. In case of coca cola this holds true as the price of coca cola increases there will be increase in supply upto a certain level as there are other constrain like easy availability of closed substitute. In the long run if the producer continuously increases the price of coca cola then the demand for coca cola will fall down because of various substitutes available in the market. DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY: PRICE: As stated in the law of supply, the price is positively related with quantity supplied for coca cola, in short run if there is an increase in the price of coca cola, the producers will be willing to produce more of the product. STATE OF TECHNOLOGY: Due to change in the state of technology in the production process, the cost of production will reduce; as a result supplier will be able to supply more at same price NUMBER OF CONSUMER: In the case of coca cola there are large number of consumer, as a result the supplier are willing to supply more to cater the needs for the large number of customer. PRICE OF INPUTS: Includes labour cost, machinery etc. if there is no scarcity in the supply of these factors so the cost for these factors will reduce as a result the producer is willing to supply more products at same price. SHIFT IN SUPPLY CURVE: Shift in supply curve means change in quantity supplied due to others factors while price remains the same. 1. Upward shift. 2. Downward shift. UPWARD SHIFT: Upward shift takes place when the supplier is able to supply at less at a same price. E. g. decrease in the supply of sugar due to increase in price and excessive exports of sugar results in decrease in production of coca cola. DOWNWARD SHIFT: Downward shift takes place when the suppliers are willing to supply at same price. e. g. due to improvement in technology the cost of production decreases and the suppliers are willing to supply more at the same price. ELASTICITY ANALYSIS Elasticity of demand The elasticity of demand for a commodity is the rate at which quantity changes as the price changes. Price elasticity is found to be relatively elastic. This means if there is small change in price lead to the big change in quantity demanded. In this case the elasticity for demand is said to more than one(Ed 1). From the figure we can see when the price of coca cola was p,the quantity demand was Q, when the price increases to P’ then the quantity demanded to Q’. Therefore we can say that coca cola is elastic in nature and its elasticity for demand is more than 1. (Ed1) DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND ELASTICITY Availability of substitute: In the case of coca cola substitutes are easily available in the market. The market is already flooded with many aerated drinks. Example: pepsi, LMN, mirianda, thumbs up, etc. So even if there is a increase in the price of coca cola, the consumers will shift their consumption from coca cola to aerated drinks because of easy availability of related substitutes. TIME: The demand for coca cola is always related to a time factor. This implies that elasticity of demand varies with the length of time period. In case of long run elasticity of demand is elastic (because the period is long enough for the people to shift their taste and preference) and in case of the short run the demand remain inelastic. INCOME LEVEL: The demand for coca cola is elastic for middle income group. The middle income group is sensitive to the change in price. Therefore if there is an increase in price of coca cola, the demand in the middle income group will decrease. PROPORTION OF INCOME SPENDS ON THE GOODS: Coca cola is that product which is meant for the youngsters. In the long run the demand is relatively inelastic because even in the long run if there is a increase in price of coca cola even the hard core coca cola drinker will shift their preference because of the constrain in their pocket money whereas in short run the demand is inelastic. INCOME ELASTICITY If the income rises by 20% then the demand will rise by 10% the curve is positively sloped means that elasticity of Income is 0 and

Lake Malawi National Park free essay sample

The aim of sustainable tourism is to ensure that development is a positive experience for local people; tourism companies; and tourists themselves. 3 Ecotourism that focus on wildlife and nature started in malawi in1980. Some research indicates that such tourism may not in fact benefit these communitiesas it might lead to them becoming dependent on the tourist economy, without developing skills that would allow them flexibility in the economy and be more of a long term guarantee. But despite this optimistic objective, sustainable tourism is still not widely understood. For a start, sustainable tourism is not necessarily ecotourism. Dave N. et al(1988) , however, has indicated that such tourism may not actually be good for environment, or for the people who experience this attention. Safaris in Kenya, for example, are undoubtedly ecotourism. But Kenya is full of cases where lions have been forced into erratic behaviour because of excessive tourists, or where the local Masai people have failed to benefit from this kind of development. We will write a custom essay sample on Lake Malawi National Park or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More importantly, ecotourism does not involve more mainstream beach-or city-based tourism, where impacts are much greater than any nature-based tourism. Sustainable tourism, therefore, is an attempt to improve the impacts of all types of tourism, and this 3 Twan H. (1999),Tourism in developing countries. p. p-125 1 Literature Review 2 implies seeking ways to build partnerships between tourism companies and local governments or managers of resorts. 4 Ecotourism a form of tourism that focuses exclusively on wildlife, nature, or exotic cultures. Some argue that it is environmental tourism5. Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The notion â€Å"quality of life† includes everything that influences the situation in which people live. Hence, it includes much more than material consumption. It is intended to capture the importance of health, culture, and nature. there are two important restrictions, though †quality of life† doesn? t include the welfare that people derive from their from the children? s consumptions . likewise, only natures instrumental value(ie, value in its own right regardless of human experience); a vague term used to market anything related to nature or 4 David N. et al. 1988)

The Effects of Overpopulation of White-Tailed Deer Essays

The Effects of Overpopulation of White-Tailed Deer Essays The Effects of Overpopulation of White-Tailed Deer Paper The Effects of Overpopulation of White-Tailed Deer Paper Without a plan, the effects to Marshlands natural ecosystem and the farming and agricultural communities could be devastating and costly, not to mention lead to an increase in deer related vehicle collisions. The over population Of the white tailed deer has had a significant impact on the ecology of the forest and the Chesapeake Bay. Studies done by the Department of Natural Resources show that the over grazing of ground level vegetation by deer, has led to a decrease in habitat for smaller species of wildlife and affects the regeneration of Marshlands native vegetation. Furthermore, over grazing creases the growth of native plants and allows for exotic species to thrive and threaten Marshlands natural ecosystem. These studies have also found that a decrease in the ground level vegetation has allowed an increase of runoff into the Chesapeake Bay, causing negative impacts on the water quality and clarity, and an increase of pollutants in the Bay. In turn, the aquatic species and plants in the Chesapeake Bay will decrease and become extinct. Deer over population in Maryland is costing some farmers their livelihood. It is estimated that the white tailed deer caused Marshlands farmers an estimated $9. 6 million in wildlife-related crop damage during 2008 and Maryland farmers spent over $600,000 on crop damage preventative measures. Marshlands deer were responsible for 80% of that damage ($7. 6 million) according to the (Maryland White Tailed Deer Plan for 2009-2018). This damage was caused not only to the farmers soybean and corn crops, but also to ornamental plants and trees raised by commercial nurseries and plantations. The crop damage caused by deer impacts the farmers profit margin and in turn impacts the cost to consumers. The Deer Management Lana also notes that a study done by the National Park service that compared Coating Mountain Park (hunting not allowed) and the Frederick City watershed (hunting allowed during Marshlands hunting season), showed that the Frederick City watershed had a higher concentration of seedling and sapling regeneration than the overpopulated Coating Mountain Park. If we can manage the deer population we can ensure the future Of Marshlands forests and parks. Furthermore, the increase in construction of new homes, shopping centers and offices has reduced the farms and forest. The increase in the deer population, added to the decrease of habitat, pushes the deer out into the communities and along the roads to seek food and shelter, causing an increase in deer-vehicle collisions. Some of these collisions are causing severe if not fatal accidents and costing millions of dollars in health care and vehicle repair cost every year. Decreasing the deer population therefore, decreases the extra health care cost and the number of collisions. According to P. E. T A. (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), we should let nature take its own course in managing the deer population. There re many people and organizations like P. E. TA. That believe managing the deer population by lethal means (hunting) is not effective; that it is violent, inhumane, and a cruel way of treating animals. Paula Moore, a senior writer for the P. E. T. A. Foundation believes, sterilization programs are a better, long- term solution to reducing deer populations; hunting just makes the problem worse. It is believed that hunting increases the deer population; fewer deer mean more food for the remaining deer in that area, allowing for healthier more reproductive does, increasing the birth rate and survival. It is also believed that the increased presence of hunters in the forest during hunting season drives the deer out of the forest and in turn increases the number of deer-vehicle collisions. PETA and animal activist believe nature will take care of its own, that there is no need for human involvement. These activists will always argue that hunting is a violent, inhumane and cruel way of treating animals. In counterargument, what is natural and humane about sterilization? Is that not also a cruel and inhumane invasion of humans in their habitat? Furthermore, it is not only the hunters that push the deer from the forest during hunting season, but the rut or mating season. The rut begins in late October, or early November; this causes the bucks to chase after the does, driving the deer from the fields and forest and into the highways and by. says and into traffic. It is humans that have contributed to the over population of the deer due to the deforestation of the land and a decrease in their natural habitat. Therefore, it is their responsibility to help correct this problem by having an effective deer management plan in place.

The principles of ELISA and its application Essay

The principles of ELISA and its application - Essay Example The sensitivity of simple enzyme assays together with the specificity of antibodies/antigens aid in qualitative and quantitative determination of antigen or antibody concentration in samples. The various biological samples, like plasma, serum, urine, and cell extracts containing unknown antigen/antibody concentration can be analysed in ELISA. This biochemical technique employs polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies depending upon the specificity requirement for the sample to be assayed. The assays involving monoclonal antibodies increases specificity; and therefore give reproducible and accurate results. The enzymes employed in ELISA should be simple, easily analysed and should have a high turnover number. The substrates used for the enzyme assay should be stable, safe, inexpensive, and should generate soluble end products. The chromogenic colourless substrates are utilized which give colored reaction products after the reaction. This visible color reaction is quantified spectrophotomet rically. Other options for detection include analysis using fluorescent or radioactive probes.The most commonly used enzymes in ELISA are horse raddish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, ÃŽ ²-galactosidase etc. (Axel 1999). When alkaline phosphatase is used for labeling the antibody, p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) is used as substrate which forms yellow color product p-nitrophenol after the reaction. The chromogneic substrates employed with peroxidase are 2,2’-azo-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 3,3’5,5’- tetramethylbenzidine base (TMB), which gives end products with green, orange and blue colors, respectively. A 96-well microtiter plate is used to execute the ELISA constituted of polystyrene or PVC. Direct ELISA: In this technique, a sample containing the target antigen is adsorbed in a well of the microtiter plate. An enzyme labeled primary antibody reacts directly with the antigen. Direct ELISA excludes the use of

Copyright and Student Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Copyright and Student Use - Essay Example Copyright protection can be availed for original work of authorship. It comes into existence from the time when the work of author takes a permanent authorized form. As per the copyright law it is only optional to register the work in the copyright office. Although when the work is registered, there are advantages. Normally literary works, musical works, works related to drama, works related to choreography, pictorial and sculpture works, films, sound recordings, softwares etc are copyrightable. However facts, words, symbols, lettering, ideas, scorecards, diaries etc does not come under the purview of the copyright act. The rights of the copyright owner can be divided into five categories, which are reproduction of the work, preparation of copied work, carrying out the work, exhibiting the work and the allocation of the work. One of the main aspects of the copyright law is called "fair use." The term "fair use" is often used as a justification for replication. This aspect has been widely exploited by people associated with education under the pretext that it is essential for teaching and schools which come under the non profit organization category to use copyright works. As per section 107 of the copyright act there are four ways to replicate a work legally. ... All these four criteria have to be met for shaping fair use. The term fair use does not come into reckoning if the reason for repetition does not come under the categories of criticism, remark, news coverage, learning, and research. Copying of news magazines is allowed but copying of a short story does not come under fair use. Copying a large segment of work is not fair use but is a case of infringement. It can never be associated with fair use. Copying an article even for educational use is prohibited under copyright act. If the copying is not prohibited specifically, copying can be allowable under fair use (South eastern Louisiana University COPYRIGHT POLICIES 1999). How can you use copyright materials for educational purposes' Various norms and laws on copyright are very important for the promotion of creativity. A very efficient as well as a balanced system is of utmost importance in the field of protection of culture. Moreover a suitable copyrighting structure is necessary for the cultural and economic cooperation in the international level (Ficsor. M.2005) One of the toughest challenges faced today is to safeguard children from the negative influence of internet without sacrificing the right to receive information. Nowadays more parents are worried about their children using internet for wrong purposes. There is also a feeling of insecurity because of the lack of technical knowledge possessed by them when compared with the younger generation. By using the filtering software technology, this problem can be solved up to a certain extent. For getting the full advantages of internet access, children should be guided by parents as well as adults. This would produce new accesses for internet which in turn will provide great

Homeland Security - Preparedness and Prevention Assignment

Homeland Security - Preparedness and Prevention - Assignment Example cause, indeed, with all the high-tech security measures being undertaken by magnificently high-financed chemical plants or laboratories, no one or no group would even attempt to get inside and forcefully steal chemicals vital to national security. Some films might have inadvertently suggested to criminal elements how to penetrate chemical plants, but thankfully, ideas were also alluded to with regards to potential security threats and vulnerabilities to crime such as terrorism, and at the same time, the effective security and protection measures that should be importantly undertaken. Hence, unquestionably, the National Institute of Justice, in collaboration with the Department of Justice components, the Office of Homeland Security, the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Transportation, numerous organizations, and private citizens, had been conscientious enough as to suggest the development of the Vulnerability Assessment Methodology. The prototype Vulnerability Assessment Model (VAM) developed is a systematic, risk-based approach in which risk is a function of the severity of consequences of an undesired event, the likelihood of adversary attack, and the likelihood of adversary success in causing the undesired event (Ashcroft, et al, 2002). On September, 2009, the Department of Environment Protection was lauded by the community of Clifton, New Jersey, for having cleaned up the facility left by Abrachem Group, who were involved in repackaging chemicals but did not level up with the pre-requisites necessary when operating a chemical facility in the United States. Lives of the people of New Jersey were in jeopardy, when Abrachem Group had leaking drums, that contained toxic chemicals, such as naphthalene, sodamide, peroxide, and nitric acid. The company abandoned 1,600 unlabeled, mislabeled and mishandled rusted drums filled with chemicals, some posing a threat to the environment and to the people of Clifton

Townsends Theories of Recruitment and Selection

Townsends Theories of Recruitment and Selection This essay will argue Townsends research into the paradox of recruitment and selection, training and the high level of turnover that appears in the growing industry of call. His research is based on PowerGrid, which is an Australian Government owned Power Company. There has been an enormous increase in the number of call centres, due to this a large number of interesting issues have arisen such as high level of turnover in call centres, despite companies spending vast sums of money on training and recruiting. The research of Townsend is valuable and meaningful for there has been little academic research conducted in the area of recruitment, training and turnover in call centres. This essay will be based on the critical review of Townsends use of research methods, findings, practical implications and the concepts he used. Townsend adopts a three-step research strategy. Specifically, a seven-month non-participant job observation, ten interviews of managers and leaders in the organization and an analysis of the human resource documents compose the research method. Townsend considers the importance of PowerGrid call centre mainly for two reasons: At first, during the 1990s Australian government deregulation to power supplies session, PowerGrid had grew out of joint efforts by other power suppliers; Next, the PowerGrid call centre was based on Erlang C model which uses mathematical method to calculate and predict call volumes and keep balance of contact within the call centre (Angus, 2001).ÂÂ  Townsends findings suggest that the company was able to reduce its cost of training and recruitment through internal transfers. Moreover, Townsend points out that training should focus more on emotional labour as it is important for call centre agents to show to their customers rather than solely focus on techn ical trainings and the role of the human resource department is to hire the best candidates and filter out the ones who may be incompetent. Looking at the literature, the paradox between high cost of recruitment and training and high ratio of employees turnover in the sector of call centres, could be described as a sacrificial HR strategy (Wallace, Eagleson Waldersee, 2000), this formed the basis of Townsends research. By agreeing with (korczynski, 2002) Townsend accepts the idea that organizations face dual imperatives for instance call centres want to minimise their costs but on the other hand have to provide excellent service to its customers. But companies mainly use call centres to minimize their cost rather than offer customer service, although call centre managers describes customers service as their main goal (Robinson Morley, 2006). Townsend agrees with (Mulholland, 2002) that whatever the type of call centre it may be, Customer service representatives (CSRs) have to show a high degree of emotional labor to the customers. CSRs are also required to have the ability of micro-self manage (Wray-Bliss, 2001).But on the other hand he disagrees with (Hochschild, 1983) that those CSRs who displayed artificial emotional labour suffered from negative consequences. Townsends argument is supported by findings of (Wharton, 1993) who through his research suggested that emotional labour does not cause any negative consequences. Townsend discusses the importance of the role of recruitment towards the future and wellbeing of an organisation and compares it to the role of a gate keeper (2007: 57). It should be noted that by hiring competent applicants the firms productivity and performance can be improved significantly (Russo, Rietveld, Nijkamp Gorter, 1995). It is also better to employ those people who are willing to learn. (2007: 478). Besides, Townsend agrees with (Breaugh Starke, 2000) who suggested that new recruits job satisfaction and initial performance should be more important to organisations. That is, when the applicants are being hired it is important for the employers to see, whether the applicants attitude is suitable to organisations and this should be considered more important than ones technical skills. As mentioned before, PowerGrid is a government-owned Australian electricity supplier. Townsend acknowledges that there is difference between governments owned companies and privately owned companies. As he identifies the unique characteristics, there is a debate on whether the findings of this case could be generalized to private companies. Moreover, its rational to doubt whether Townsend has paid attention to the fact that his research is conducted in Government run working environment. Townsend argues that PowerGrid being a Government owned company has to have its call centers in the country, which increases costs, while on the other hand they need to be efficient in terms of operations. But being a Government owned company it has the protection of the Government in terms of costs. Private companies on the other hand do not have this advantage and may need to outsource their call centres in order to cut down their costs, to low costs countries such as India and Philippines (Snow, 2 005). Townsend identifies that PowerGrid makes internal transfers which it called positive turnover; this is when CSRs moved within the organisation. Due to this the organisation is able to reduce its training and recruitment cost which otherwise would have been spent on hiring and training new candidates. As (Robinson Morley, 2006) confirmed high staff turnover rate in call centres can greatly affect the cost impact on business and that could be direct costs; that are training, recruiting etc. or could be indirect for instance bad customer service. But Townsend fails to give any evidence for his findings as to how we can see if the organization was able to reduce its costs by internal transfers. According to Townsend, PowerGrid used a three stage training programs for the new recruits (2007: 485). He mentions that the first stage is the basic training program away from the computer and it is done in an environment that is decorated with nappies, baby clothes and pacifiers. He mentions that the management calls it the nursery. However, he questions the logic of using this word and shows some reservations about whether using this word is appropriate for this level but then agrees to the concept of the management who call it as part of the fun in the organization. But training programs are at the entry level of the company and may give wrong perceptions of the company, the perceptions may become permanent and in future it would be difficult to change these perceptions (Marchington, 2005). Townsend points out at some of the problems faced by Powergrid with regards to training of new CSRs. Previously the training time for news CSRs was eight weeks (2007: 484). A new system was to be introduced that would half that time to nearly four weeks. Even though the management spend AU$ 30 million on the new system, it turned out to be a failure as it not only doubled the training time as new recruits would have to learn both the systems but also increased employee dissatisfaction. He points out the ineffective communication and low employee involvement during the development and implementation of this new system when he mentions about the training team leader who points out that the management did not disclose to him information about the new system due to which the new system became an add on (2007: 484) to the old system rather than a completely new system. According to Lewis, (1999) there is a direct link between communication process within the organisation and organisationa l change implementation. Townsend identifies that the training for the employees was mostly focused on technical and product knowledge rather than on emotional labour. He believes that money would be well spent if it was spent on trying to improve the emotional labour rather than spend it on other skills. But he fails to provide any ideas on how this can be improved. Townsend points out at the dissatisfaction of the CSRs with the management (2007: 485). The employees are unhappy with the schedule for their trainings because they had to perform their training modules outside their working hours. The employees felt they were already overburdened as they only got thirty minutes of release time which was spent mainly to check their emails. The CSRs would be dissatisfied because a CSRs job is more stressful and less satisfying as compared to other jobs (Holdsworth Cartwright, 2003). Dissatisfaction of managers can be identified in PowerGrid. As a call centre manager called himself between a rock and a hard place (2007: 487) as they had to do continuous recruitment as some of their employees would move through to the larger organization due to internal transfers and many would leave the organization altogether as they would be heavily scrutinized through the software analysis system or will not get enough pay or benefits. So in order to retain the employees the organization must offer its employees good pay and benefits and should adopt a transparent performance management system (Raman, Budhwar Balasubramanian, 2007). There can be weaknesses identified in Townsends research methods. He used three steps to conduct his research. Firstly, he used non participant job observations to carry out his research. Non participant job observations include two types direct or indirect observations (Rowley, 2004). It has not been mentioned if he used direct or indirect observations, as in direct observations questions can be asked and may lead to change in behavior of the people observed, on the other hand indirect observations cannot be used for gaining information on perceptions, attitudes etc. (Rowley, 2004). He made observations only once or twice a week which seem not enough. Effective observation is an art and needs to be honed and perfected overtime (Rowley, 2004). There is nothing mentioned in the article that suggests that whether the author has experience or has gone through training to conduct and observation at this level. Secondly, he then conducted eighteen interviews of key personnel in the company who included contact centre manager, call centre manager, training team leader, roster and planning officer and human resource representatives, out of which he selects only ten interviews that he believed were relevant to topic of his research. The author should provide more detailed criteria for choosing only ten interviews out of the original eighteen. Thirdly, he obtained data from the organisation related to the Human resource department and analysed it to reach the conclusion. He has not mentioned what type of data he used to come to conclusions neither he has mentioned any process or methods that he used to analyse and interpret the data. There are two methods for data analysis; Computer based analysis and manual analysis (Borch Arthur, 1995). So in this case we dont know if he has used manual or computer based analysis or a combination of both. As some researchers use one type of methodology while some use a combination of both (Borch Arthur, 1995). Due to the debatable nature of Townsends research methods it is very difficult to find his results conclusive. However, he agrees with (Mulhollands, 2002) which suggest that CSRs need to show a high degree of emotional labor to the customers. Lack of proper planning and communication can be seen between the management of PowerGrid as they wasted AU$30 million in trying to implement a new software without consulting the training team leader and it turned out to be an add on (2007: 486). He identified that the recruitment and selection department should act like a gate keeper (2007: 478) in order to only let in the right candidates. He emphasized that training should focus more on emotional labour, as it is the most important aspect while communicating with the customers, rather than focusing on technical skills. Townsend fails to identify by how much the company was able to reduce the cost of turnover when they had to keep recruiting throughout the year due to employees moving into th e larger organization or leaving the organization altogether. This research provides useful information for practitioners in the call centres. However, researchers who further study, need to research in depth into industry of call centre and should specially address the limitations found in Townsends study. Townsend wanted to consider the paradox of extensive recruitment and training conducted in call centres that are faced with high levels of turnover. He came to the conclusion that PowerGrid was able to reduce its cost of recruitment and training, by having internal transfers within the larger organisation. Furthermore, Townsend has been able to identify certain problems within PowerGrid. He has failed to highlight is there any difference between this call centre and other private call centres. He has advocated that there should be a great emphasis on training of emotional labour rather than technical training but he has been unable to provide any suggestion how it can be done. Finally, Non-participant job observations, interviews are types of qualitative research methods which can be called problematic because of problems with their validity and reliability (Kirk Miller, 1986) REFERENCES: Angus, I. (2001). An introduction to Erlang B and Erlang C. Telemanagement, (187): 6-8. Breaugh, J. and Starke, M. (2000). Research on employee recruitment: so many studies, so many remaining questions.Journal of Management, 26(3): 405-34. Borch, O.J. and Arthur, M.B. (1995). Strategic networks among small firms: implications for strategy research methodology. Journal of Management Studies, 32(4): 419-441 Catterall, M. (1996). Using Computer programs to code qualitative data. Marketing Intelligence Planning Journal, 14(4): 29- 33. Hochschild, A. (1983).The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human feeling.University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Holdsworth, L and Cartwright, S. (2003). Empowerment, stress and satisfaction: an exploratory study of a call centre.Leadership Organisation Development Journal, 24 (3):131-140. Kirk, J. and Miller, M. (1986). Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research.London, Sage. Lewis, L.K. (1999). Disseminating information and soliciting input during planned organisational change: implementers targets, sources, and channels for communicating.Management Communication Quarterly, 13(1):43-75. korczynski, M. (2002).Human Resource Management in Service Work. Palgrave, Basingstoke Marchington, M. (2005). Human Resource Management at Work. London: Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks New Delhi. Mulholland, K. (2002). Gender emotional labour and teamworking in a call centre.Personnel review, 31(3):283-303. Raman, S.R.;Budhwar P. andBalasubramanian G. (2007).People management issues in Indian KPOs.Employee Relations, 29(6): 696-710. Robinson, G. and Morley, C. (2006). Call centre management: responsibilities and performance.International Journal of Service Industry Management, 17(3): 284-300. Rowley J. (2003) Researching people and organisations, Library Management Volume, 15(4/5): 208-214. Russo, G.; Rietveld, P.; Nijkam, P. and Gorter, C. (1995).Issues in recruitment strategies: an economic perspective.The International Journal of Career Management, 7(3): 3-13. Snow, J. (2005). UK call centres: crossroads of an Industry. Journal of Property Investment Finance, 23(6): 525-532. Townsend, K. (2005). Considering progress in Greenfield site.International employment relations review, 11(1/2):76-79 Wallace, C.;Eagleson, G. and Waldersee, R. (2000). The sacrificial HR strategy in callcentres. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 11(2): 174-184. Wharton, A.S. (1993). The affective consequences of service work.Work and Occupations, 20: 205-232 Wray-Bliss, E. (2001). Representing customer service: telephones and texts. Customer service. in Sturdy, A., Grugulis, I., Willmott, H. (Eds),Customer Service: Empowerment and Entrapment, Palgrave, London, .

Visual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Essay -- Cumming

Visual Effects Created By E.E. Cummings In His Poetry Edward Estlin Cummings, commonly referred to as E. E. Cummings, was born on October 14, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a source of vast knowledge and was responsible for many creative works other than his poetry, such as novels, plays, and paintings. He published his first book of poetry Tulips and Chimneys in 1923. Many of his poems are known for the visual effects they create through his unusual placement of words on the page, as well as, his lack of punctuation and capitalization. The manner in which Cummings arranges the words of his poems creates an image in the reader's mind of the topic he is discussing, such as a season or climbing stairs. His visual style also brings emotions, such as loneliness or cheerfulness, to the reader's mind. Due to this creativity, Cummings won many awards, such as the National Book Award and the Bollingen Prize in poetry (Marks 17). In his poem "l(a", the words are arranged in such a way that they are falling down the page. He only puts several letters of each word on a line and then continues to spell the word down the page. The main focus of the poem is about loneliness and the words almost appear to be "lonely." He uses parentheses around the phrase "a leaf falls," which appears in the middle of the poem. The remaining letters in the poem spell "loneliness." When these are placed together in the same poem, it creates an effect that there is a leaf falling from a tree to the ground where it will be lonely because it will be separated from the tree. Cummings emphasizes the image of being alone or aloof by using two versions of the word one. On the first line, he uses the letter "l," which also looks like the number "1." On ... ...number of visual effects in his poetry. He combined the lack of punctuation, capitalization, and creative spacing with his topics, such as the seasons, to convey his messages. Some readers find the visual effects in his poems disconcerting and feel that they are meaningless because of it. However, others find his visual effects helpful in gaining a deeper understanding of his poems and the messages he was trying to convey. Cummings' poems were definitely meant to be viewed rather than simply listened to so that the reader can benefit from the full effect of them. His poetry does not follow traditional rules and is very unpredictable. As a result, they leave more room for your imagination to soar. Works Cited: Cummings, E. E. Poems 1923 ‚ 1954. New York : Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1926. Marks, Barry A. E. E. Cummings. New York : Twayne Publishers, Inc, 1964.